This paper examines retirement behaviour and household income for older persons in Chile. It pays close attention to the sources of household income, income inequalities, and the economic vulnerability of older persons. This is important in order to evaluate whether labour market and social security reform in Latin America will improve the welfare of older groups, and especially their vulnerabi...

In this paper, we present one of the first direct microeconometric studies of the impact of trade protection on household income in Ghana. Tariff measures at the two-digit ISIC level are matched to Ghanaian household survey data for 1991/92 and 1998/99 to represent the tariff for the industry in which the household head is employed. We examine the possibility that the effect of protection on in...

Market reforms are generally credited with the rapid growth enjoyed by China's rural sector. This growth has not been without some cost, however, as inequality has also increased. Estimates suggest that the Gini rose from less than 0.20 to over 0.40 during this period. In this paper we go behind these numbers to explore the nature and causes of this inequality. To begin, we find that a consider...

the natural gas consumption in iran has been continuously increasing due to several reasons including low prices of natural gas, development of gas supply networks, people’s salary increase, incorrect consumption culture and the increase of national economy growth.  although, the global natural gas consumption has increased by 38% since 2001, the national consumption in iran has increased by 11...

a r t i c l e i n f o JEL classification: C68 D57 D58 Q41 Q43 Q48 Keywords: Energy efficiency Indirect rebound effects Economy-wide rebound effects Household energy consumption CGE models This paper investigates the economic impact of a 5% improvement in the UK household energy efficiency, focussing specifically on total energy rebound effects. The impact is measured through simulations using m...

this paper extends endogenous growth models through augmenting it with government budget and oil revenues as well as the effect of public investment efficiency on long run growth of private and government consumption and import for an oil producing economy. based on the extracted model, the optimal growth rate of government current expenditure (or consumption) has a positive relation with the e...

this paper investigates the impact of oil revenues on the output of economic sectors in some of oil exporting countries including iran, venezuela and mexico. we use cointegration analysis as well as short run and long run granger casualties' tests. the results show that in the long run, an oil boom leads to expansion of service sector, in these countries. also, the impacts of oil revenues ...

This paper develops a theory in which oligarchic ownership of land or other natural resources impedes entrepreneurship in the manufacturing sector and thereby retards structural change and economic development. We show that, due to oligopsony power of owners in the agricultural labor market, higher ownership concentration is harmful for start-ups by landless, credit-constrained households, whos...

The informal sector is generally believed to be vulnerable to various risks including health shocks due to limited access to social insurance. This paper examines the relationship between informality and protection from health risks in Yemen. The formal sector includes the pension covered wage employed and largely overlaps with public employment in Yemen, while the informal sector includes the ...

In spite of its predominant economic weight in developing countries, little is known about informal sector income dynamics vis-à-vis the formal sector. Some works have been done in this field using household surveys, but they only consider some emerging Latin American countries and a few African countries. As a matter of consequence, there is still no way to generalize the (diverging) results t...