Diseases caused by plant pathogens pose significant challenges to crop yield and quality, thus incurring a serious constraint on the global food supply. Genome editing using clustered regularly interspaced short palindromic repeats (CRISPR)-Cas (CRISPR-associated nuclease) system has revolutionized field of biology biotechnology. New technologies derived from CRISPR-Cas enable genetic improveme...

maize genotypes were screened for host resistance and seed treatment chemicals were evaluated in field to manage fusarium ear rot complex of maize at high- and mid-hill environments in nepal during 2003 and 2004. seven popular maize genotypes along with a susceptible check were used in the host resistance study. the maize genotypes adopted from exotic sources, manakamana-3 and deuti, performed ...

context: detection of causative pathogen is crucial for treatment strategies in most infections. molecular diagnosis as a more sensitive and specific method, has become the best option to investigate certain pathogens, mainly viruses. recent scientific and technological approaches resulted in changing the area of diagnostic microbiology. evidence acquisition: a comprehensive online search of da...

conclusion mature biofilms were found to be much more resistant to antifungal agents and the host immune system than free cells. the factors responsible for high resistance included the complex architecture of biofilms, ecm, increased expression of drug efflux pumps, and metabolic plasticity. objectives the present work investigated certain aspects of the resistance of c. albicans biofilms to d...

Evidence for genetic variation to parasites has been found both within, and between, host populations and for a number of important parasite species including nematode worms, coccidian protozoa, flies and ticks. For this genetic variation to be exploited successfully, the requirements of livestock farmers must be identified clearly and an appropriate breeding objective established. The conseque...

Multipotent mesenchymal stromal cells or mesenchymal stem cells (MSCs) are mainly isolated from bone marrow or fat tissue. Because of their potential of multilineage differentiation towards bone, cartilage and fat tissue, they were initially evaluated to develop innovative strategies for tissue engineering applications. More recently, they have gained interest based on their immunomodulatory pr...

Invading infectious diseases can, in theory, lead to the extinction of host populations, particularly if reservoir species are present or if disease transmission is frequency-dependent. The number of historic or prehistoric extinctions that can unequivocally be attributed to infectious disease is relatively small, but gathering firm evidence in retrospect is extremely difficult. Amphibian chytr...

Selection of functional traits is a challenge for researchers, but an increasingly necessary objective due to the growing concern regarding animal welfare and overcoming problems reducing antibiotic use in rabbit production without undermining animals’ productivity. The aim this review discuss genetic control resistance diseases, longevity variability birth weight within litter, or litter size ...