For a singular Riemannian foliation [Formula: see text] on manifold, curve is called horizontal if it meets the leaves of perpendicularly. unit sphere text], we show that polar or given by orbits an infinitesimally action, then diameter i.e. any two points in can be connected length text].

After defining what is meant by a complex spray X on a complex manifold M , we introduce the notion of a spray complex curve associated to X. Several equivalent formulations are derived and we give necessary and sufficient conditions for M to admit spray complex curves for X through each point and in each direction. Refinements of this result are then derived for some special cases, for example...

present study is an extension of earlier work carried out on two-lane two way roads in the two provinces of pakistan i.e. n-25, n-55 and n-5 regarding the measure of operating speed and development of operating speed prediction models. curved sections of two-lane rural highways are the main location of run-off road accidents. in addition to that the road alignment having combination of geometri...

coustructing masonry building has been done in a large scale in our country. a ccording to the recorded statistics. it comprises the majority of building in our country. the loss of life and property as the result previous earthquakes reveals that masonry building have not functioned properly. meanwhile, their complex behaviors resulted from the heterogenons, nonlinear, and plate behavior of it...

An ionic current model of the retinal horizontal cell is constructed. The horizontal cell models are interconnected by gap junctions to form a horizontal cell layer. The light response properties of the L-type horizontal cell are analyzed using this model. We demonstrate the functional role of each ionic current and the role of the feedback loop between cones and horizontal cells. The present s...

Starter selection is a critical decision in diesel engine design. The starter performance curves are generally accepted the industry, with current on horizontal axis and power, volts, speed torque vertical axis. In this way, it not possible to compare friction force curve. study, method has been developed for of suitable engines. With method, curve converted shown same graph. can be easily unde...

Abstract Elliptic Curve Cryptography (ECC) is one of the strongest and most efficient cryptographic techniques in modern cryptography. This paper gives following introduction: The introduction cryptography’s development; elliptic curve; principle ECC; horizontal comparison between ECC other types cryptography; breakthrough applications by using a method literature review. study’s findings indic...

We describe a stochastic birth-and-death model of evolution of horizontally transferred genes in microbial populations. The model is a generalization of the stochastic model described by Berg and Kurland and includes five parameters: the rate of mutational inactivation, selection coefficient, invasion rate (i.e., rate of arrival of a novel sequence from outside of the recipient population), wit...

Side-channel attacks are a threat to cryptographic algorithms running on embedded devices. Public-key cryptosystems, including elliptic curve cryptography (ECC), are particularly vulnerable because their private keys are usually long-term. Well known countermeasures like regularity, projective coordinates and scalar randomization, among others, are used to harden implementations against common ...