In previous work [Meese et al. (1995). Vision Research, 35, 2879-2888)] we showed that one-dimensional (1D) speed gradients are sufficient to produce a compelling impression of surface slant. Summing a 1D vertical shearing gradient or, less intuitively, a 1D horizontal shearing gradient with a random field of horizontally translating dots produces perceived slant about a horizontal axis. Simila...

Given k ∈ N, the k’th discrete Heisenberg group, denoted H Z , is the group generated by the elements a1, b1, . . . , ak, bk, c, subject to the commutator relations [a1, b1] = . . . = [ak, bk] = c, while all the other pairs of elements from this generating set are required to commute, i.e., for every distinct i, j ∈ {1, . . . , k} we have [ai, aj ] = [bi, bj ] = [ai, bj ] = [ai, c] = [bi, c] = ...

Linear transformations (shear or scale transformations) of either horizontal or vertical disparity give rise to the percept of slant or inclination. It has been proposed that the percept of slant induced by vertical size disparity, known as Ogle's induced-size effect, and the analogous induced-shear effect, compensate for scale and shear distortions arising from aniseikonia, eccentric viewing, ...

Moriah and Schultens have demonstrated that an irreducible Heegaard splitting of an orientable Seifert fibered space over an orientable base surface is either vertical or horizontal. In this paper it is determined precisely which vertical and horizontal splittings are irreducible. Let M be a Seifert fibered space which admits a horizontal splitting at the fiber f . If the genus of the horizonta...

————————————————————————————————— Using confidential data from the Bureau of Economic Analysis, we document a new set of facts regarding the behavior of U.S. multinational firms. First, we find that intra-firm trade is concentrated among a small number of large affiliates. The median affiliate reports no shipments to the parent, and directs the bulk of its sales to unrelated parties in its coun...

We review both present and past motions at major plate boundaries, which have the horizontal component in average 10 to 100 times faster (10–100 mm/yr) than the vertical component (0.01–1 mm/yr) in all geodynamic settings. The steady faster horizontal velocity of the lithosphere with respect to the upward or downward velocities at plate 5 boundaries supports dominating tangential forces acting ...

Rodent spatial cognition studies allow links to be made between neural and behavioural phenomena, and much is now known about the encoding and use of horizontal space. However, the real world is three dimensional, providing cognitive challenges that have yet to be explored. Motivated by neural findings suggesting weaker encoding of vertical than horizontal space, we examined whether rats show a...

PURPOSE English-language text is almost always written horizontally. Text can be formatted to run vertically, but this is seldom used. Several studies have found that horizontal text can be read faster than vertical text in the central visual field. No studies have investigated the peripheral visual field. Studies have also concluded that training can improve reading speed in the peripheral vis...