Layered hybrid organic perovskites (HOPs) structures are a class of low-cost two-dimensional materials that exhibit outstanding optical properties, related to dielectric and quantum confinement effects. Whereas modeling and understanding of quantum confinement are well developed for conventional semiconductors, such knowledge is still lacking for 2D HOPs. In this work, concepts of effective mas...

This paper describes a sensorial aroma extract dilution analysis (AEDA) approach to the analysis of beer aromas derived from hops. To obtain an extract with an odor representative of the original product, the XAD extraction procedure was applied and the experimental conditions were optimized. The aromagrams of three beers were compared: one brewed without hops, one brewed with Saaz hop pellets,...

Consider networks on n vertices at average density 1 per unit area. We seek a network that minimizes total length subject to some constraint on journey times, averaged over sourcedestination pairs. Suppose journey times depend on both route-length and number of hops. Then for the constraint corresponding to an average of 3 hops, the length of the optimal network scales as n13/10. Alternatively,...

Membrane fusion at endomembranes requires cross-talk between Rab GTPases and tethers to drive SNARE-mediated lipid bilayer mixing. Several tethers have multiple Rab-binding sites with largely untested function. Here we dissected the lysosomal HOPS complex as a tethering complex with just two binding sites for the Rab7-like Ypt7 protein to determine their relevance for fusion. Using tethering an...

cis-SNARE complexes (anchored in one membrane) are disassembled by Sec17p (alpha-SNAP) and Sec18p (NSF), permitting the unpaired SNAREs to assemble in trans. We now report a direct assay of trans-SNARE complex formation during yeast vacuole docking. SNARE complex assembly and fusion is promoted by high concentrations of the SNARE Vam7p or Nyv1p or by addition of HOPS (homotypic fusion and vacuo...

6-prenylnaringenin (6pn) is a chiral prenylflavonoid found most prevalently in hops ( humulus lupulus ) and present in hops and hop products. it is an isomer of the potent phytoestrogen, 8-prenylnaringenin. an enantiospecific method for quantitation 6pn by lc-esi-ms has been developed. baseline enantiomeric resolution of 6pn was attained on a chiralpak ® ad-rh column with an isocratic mobile ph...

The impact of the growing environment on aroma agricultural products such as wine, coffee, or tea has been investigated in detail, leading to concept regional identity; however, there have only limited studies examining variation hops. A systematic investigation Cascade and Mosaic® hops from 2020 harvest year grown at 39 different locations Oregon Washington was performed using chemical/instrum...

Eukaryotic cells use conserved multisubunit membrane tethering complexes, including CORVET (class C core vacuole/endosome tethering) and HOPS (homotypic fusion and vacuole protein sorting), to control the fusion of endomembranes. These complexes have been extensively studied in yeast, but to date there have been far fewer studies of metazoan CORVET and HOPS. Both of these complexes comprise six...

Coupling of Rab GTPase activation and SNARE complex assembly during membrane fusion is poorly understood. The homotypic fusion and vacuole protein sorting (HOPS) complex links these two processes: it is an effector for the vacuolar Rab GTPase Ypt7p and is required for vacuolar SNARE complex assembly. We now report that pure, active HOPS complex binds phosphoinositides and the PX domain of the v...

Yeast studies identified two heterohexameric tethering complexes, which consist of 4 shared (Vps11, Vps16, Vps18 and Vps33) and 2 specific subunits: Vps3 and Vps8 (CORVET) versus Vps39 and Vps41 (HOPS). CORVET is an early and HOPS is a late endosomal tether. The function of HOPS is well known in animal cells, while CORVET is poorly characterized. Here we show that Drosophila Vps8 is highly expr...