Spatio-temporal gait characteristics are determined for walking, running, and out of phase hopping magpies, at velocities ranging from 0.4 to 4 m/s. Below 1 m/s, magpies walk. At higher velocities they either run or hop, the latter being preferred. Stride length and frequency during walking and running relate to speed in an identical way. It is suggested that the control of walking and running,...

(1) Introduction Recently, there are various kinds of tasks to be conducted in space, such as building and operation of the international space station, docking and rendezvous system, inspection and repair of satellite, as well as planetary exploration. In such operations, unmanned robots are most promising tools for future exploration and utilization over the microgravity environment. The mobi...

Time-hopping (TH) communication techniques have gathered increasing attention since the introduction of ultra-wide-band impulse-radio, by Scholtz, in 1993. In these systems, the design of TH sequences is a critical point, since they constitute the only source of diversity that protects the transmitted signal from the interference caused by multipath and by the presence of other users. Moreover,...

We study the electronic transport in a one-dimensional disordered chair with bath site-diagonal and off-diagonal (hopping) disorder, the latter being perfectly correlated ta the diagonal disorder at the nearest neighbor sites in a linear fashion. Since we allow the hopping m the perfect leads ta be dilferent from the average hopping in the sample, the

Associative memory Hamiltonian structure prediction potentials are not overly rugged, thereby suggesting their landscapes are like those of actual proteins. In the present contribution we show how basin-hopping global optimization can identify low-lying minima for the corresponding mildly frustrated energy landscapes. For small systems the basin-hopping algorithm succeeds in locating both lower...

Surface hopping studies on supramolecular and nanoscale systems suffer severely from the trivial crossing problem, arising due to high density of adiabatic potential energy surfaces. We present a straightforward solution to the problem by introducing a self-consistency test to the well-known fewest switches surface hopping (FSSH) procedure. If the test is failed, the hopping probabilities are c...

INTRODUCTION: It has been supposed that leg stiffness affect repeated jump performance, such as hopping. Previous study indicated that ankle joint stiffness is important in leg stiffness (Arampatzis et al. 2001). Furthermore, it was demonstrated that Achilles tendon properties could contribute to the total mechanical work during hopping (Lichtwark and Wilson 2005). On the other hand, it is know...

General packet radio service (GPRS) is designed for transmitting packet data and supposed to take its radio resource from the pool of channels unused by GSM voice services. Obviously, the introduction of GPRS affects on the voice services. In this paper the outage probability of non-frequency hopping and frequency hopping systems with different frequency reuse factor has been calculated in ord...

A family of four weakly coupled electronically nonadiabatic bimolecular model photochemical systems is presented. Fully converged quantum mechanical calculations with up to 25 269 basis functions were performed for full-dimensional atom–diatom collisions to determine the accurate scattering dynamics for each of the four systems. The quantum mechanical probabilities for electronically nonadiabat...