Housekeeping (HK) genes fulfill the basic needs for a cell to survive and function properly. Their ubiquitous expression, originally thought to be constant, can vary from tissue to tissue, but this variation remains largely uncharacterized and it could not be explained by previously identified properties of HK genes such as short gene length and high GC content. By analyzing microarray expressi...

Rat liver tryptophan (Trp), kynurenine pathway metabolites, and enzymes deduced from product/substrate ratios were assessed following acute and/or chronic administration of kynurenic acid (KA), 3-hydroxykynurenine (3-HK), 3-hydroxyanthranilic acid (3-HAA), Trp, and the kynureni-nase inhibitors benserazide (BSZ) and carbidopa (CBD). KA activated Trp 2,3-dioxygenase (TDO), possibly by increasing ...

The Hohenberg–Kohn (HK) theorem for interacting electrons is a cornerstone of modern electronic structure calculations. For general quantum system, HK-type Hamiltonian in the form H ̂ hk { g i } = int + ∑ O $\hat {H}_{\rm hk}\lbrace g_i\rbrace =\hat int}+\sum_i g_i \hat O_i$ can always be defined, by grouping those terms with fixed or preknown coefficients into an internal part int}$ , and facto...

The tachykinin hemokinin-1 (HK-1) is involved in immune cell development and inflammation, but little known about its function pain. It acts through the NK1 receptor, several effects are mediated by a yet unidentified target. Therefore, we investigated role mechanism of action HK-1 arthritis models distinct mechanisms with special emphasis on Arthritis was induced i.p. K/BxN serum (passive tran...

Transgenic or tumoral pancreatic islet beta cells with enhanced expression of low K(m) hexokinases (HK) exhibit a leftward shift of the normal dose-response curve for glucose-induced insulin release. Furthermore, HK catalyzes roughly 50% of total glucose phosphorylation measured in extracts from freshly isolated rodent islets, suggesting that HK participates in the process of glucose sensing in...

HK-2 human renal proximal tubule cells (RPTC) are commonly used in the in vitro study of “normal” RPTCs. We discovered recently that HK-2 cells are uncoupled from dopamine 1 receptor (D1R) adenylyl cyclase (AC) stimulation. We hypothesized that G protein–coupled receptor kinase type 4 (GRK4) single nucleotide polymorphisms may be responsible for the D1R/AC uncoupling in HK-2. This hypothesis wa...

Objective: To study the antianaphylactic, antihistaminic and mast cell stabilization activity of HK-07 in experimental animals. Materials and Methods: HK-07 is a polyherbal formulation containing extracts of various plant constituents. The compound HK-07 was evaluated using Wistar rats and Duncan Hartley guinea pigs. The antianaphylactic activity was investigated in rats using the active anaphy...

Hypoxia stimulates hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC) cell growth via hexokinase (HK) II induction, and alternatively, HK II inhibition induces apoptosis by activating mitochondrial signaling. This study was to investigate whether the induction of HK II by hypoxia is associated with enhanced mitochondrial stability and to confirm the apoptosis-inducing efficacy of HK II inhibitor in an in vivo mode...

and Applied Analysis 3 Then, as L[a, b] ⊂ HK([a, b]) it holds that dim(L[a, b]) ≤ dim(HK([a, b])) ≤ card(HK([a, b])). Therefore, by Lemma 8, Corollary 7 and the known fact that c0 = c, we obtain the desired conclusion. Hereafter, the Alexiewicz topology and the topology induced by the norm of Proposition 9 will be denoted as τ A and τ ‖⋅‖ , respectively. Proposition 10. The topology τ ‖⋅‖ on HK...