People who are infected with the human immunodeficiency virus (HIV) but unaware of their status can unknowingly spread the virus to other people and delay their own life-saving treatment. In July 2010, the U.S. government released its revised strategy for dealing with the continued infection of Americans by HIV and resulting cases of acquired immunodeficiency syndrome (AIDS).1 This strategy has...

To the Editor: Tuberculosis (TB) is the leading cause of illness and death among HIV-1–infected patients in sub-Saharan Africa (1–3), but valid data on the population-level interaction between the TB and HIV epidemics are scarce (4). Our objective was to determine the extent of this dual epidemic in our setting, a hospital in Johannesburg, South Africa. We did this by introducing bedside TB and...

BACKGROUND Even in the presence of promising biomedical treatment as prevention, HIV incidence among men who have sex with men has not always decreased. Counseling interventions, therefore, continue to play an important role in reducing HIV sexual transmission behaviors among gay and bisexual men and other men who have sex with men. The present study evaluated effects of a small-group counselin...

OBJECTIVE Voluntary medical male circumcision (VMMC) is one of the first opportunities for adolescent males in African countries to interact with the healthcare system. This study explored the approaches used during adolescent VMMC counseling and whether these strategies maximize broader HIV prevention opportunities. METHODS Qualitative interviews were conducted with 92 VMMC clients ages 10-1...

HIV and AIDS incidence in China is high among men who have sex with men (MSM) and ours was one of few studies in China to evaluate the role of HIV risk reduction counseling and testing. Respondent-driven sampling (RDS) was used to recruit 430 MSM. Participants were followed up at 6, 12 and 18 months to evaluate behavioral changes after counseling to reduce risk behaviors. At baseline, HIV preva...

BACKGROUND Disclosure of HIV positive status has two sets of contrary effects. It may motivate partner for Voluntary Counseling and Testing; on the other hand, it may cause blame, discrimination, depression and loss of economic support. Consequently, HIV positive status disclosure among women has become one of the major concerns that should be addressed in HIV prevention and control activities....

Contact tracing, coupled with molecular epidemiologic investigation, is especially useful for identifying an infection with few cases in the population, such as human immunodeficiency virus (HIV) infection in China. No such research is available on Chinese men who have sex with men (MSM). From 2008 to 2010 in Taizhou Prefecture in China, every newly diagnosed HIV-infected MSM was invited to par...

BACKGROUND An estimated one- to-two-thirds of new human immunodeficiency virus (HIV) infections among US men who have sex with men (MSM) occur within the context of primary partnerships. Despite this fact, there remains a lack of prevention interventions that focus on male sero-discordant dyads. Interventions that provide male couples with skills to manage HIV risk, and to support each other to...

In 2018, 5.1 per 100,000 persons in the United States assigned females at birth (AFAB) were living with human immunodeficiency virus (HIV). HIV prevention tools, including daily oral pre-exposure prophylaxis (PrEP), screening for sexually transmitted infections, treatment, and sexual health counseling, can be implemented into clinical practice to address prevalence of infection among this popul...

HIV counseling and testing (HCT) has been prioritized as one of the prevention strategies for HIV/AIDS, and promoted as an essential tool in scaling up and improving access to treatment, care and support especially in community settings. Home-based HCT (HBHCT) is a model that has consistently been found to be highly acceptable and has improved HCT coverage and uptake in low- and middle-income c...