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the research office for the history of persian medicine will pay grant to the top researchers in the field of medical history. this award is named after abumaher shirazi, the father of shiraz medical doctrine in 10th century ad. this award will be paid annually. the ceremony of the first series of this award (2011-2012) will be held on 28 feb, 2013. following the announcement, winners will be s...

Conserving biodiversity in the face of climate change requires a predictive ecology of species distributions. Nowhere is this need more acute than in the tropics, which harbor the majority of Earth’s species and face rapid and large climate and land-use changes. However, the study of species distributions and their responses to climate change in high diversity tropical regions is potentially cr...

Traditional algorithms for detecting differences in source code focus on differences between lines. As such, little can be learned about abstract changes that occur over time within a project. Structural differencing on the program’s abstract syntax tree reveals changes at the syntactic level within code, which allows us to further process the differences to understand their meaning. We propose...

It is the possibility of change in the human condition that underlies both the practice and the study of politics. History is chronic1ed by deviations from the past. Political philosophies have come into existence, individuals have risen to power, governments have toppled, because of the promise of change or the fear of it. Even a preoccupation with stability, which characterizes many political...

As software systems evolve over a series of releases, it becomes important to know which components show repeated need for maintenance. Deterioration of a single component manifests itself in repeated and increasing problems that are local to the component. A second type of deterioration is related to interactions between components, that is, components are repeatedly change-prone in their rela...

|This paper is an attempt to understand the processes by which software ages. We de ne code to be aged or decayed if its structure makes it unnecessarily di cult to understand or change, and we measure the extent of decay by counting the number of faults in code in a period of time. Using change management data from a very large, long-lived software system, we explore the extent to which measur...