The caudal neurosecretory cells of two species of skate (Raia erinacea and IC. ocellata) and of the fluke (Pnralichthys dentatus) were studied by intracellular microelectrode techniques. The cells were capable of producing spikes and of being synaptically activated. The neurosecretory cells of the skate were intermingled with other neurons within the spinal cord and could not be penetrated unde...

The microdomain that orchestrates action potential initiation in neurons is the axon initial segment (AIS). It has long been considered to be a rather homogeneous domain at the very proximal axon hillock with relatively stable length, particularly in cortical pyramidal cells. However, studies in other brain regions paint a different picture. In hippocampal CA1, up to 50% of axons emerge from ba...

Spiking neural networks (SNNs) are quickly gaining traction as a viable alternative to deep (DNNs). Compared DNNs, SNNs computationally more powerful and energy efficient. The design metrics (synaptic weights, membrane threshold, etc.) chosen for such SNN architectures often proprietary constitute confidential intellectual property (IP). Our study indicates that implemented using conventional a...

Using in situ differential interference contrast microscopy (DICM), growth morphology, structure, and step velocities of the vicinal hillocks on {110} {111̅} faces MHB crystal seeds growing from vapor phase have been investigated over a supersaturation (σ) range (0.2 < σ 0.6). Under these conditions supersaturation, dislocation induced mechanism was identified. Ex atomic force (AFM) shows that s...

Voltage-gated sodium channels respond to excitatory inputs in nerve cells, generating spikes of depolarization at axon hillock regions and propagating the initial rising phase of action potentials through axons. It previously has been shown that protein kinase A (PKA) attenuates sodium current amplitude 20-50% by phosphorylating serines located in the I-II linker of the sodium channel. We have ...