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We studied patterns of DNA damage signaling and cell cycle response to clinically-relevant (bolus) and high doses of 5-fluorouracil (5-FU) in three colorectal cancer cell lines with differing MMR and TP53 status in an attempt to better understand how 5-FU exerts its cytotoxicity. The ATM/CHEK2/ CHEK1 signaling pathway was not activated in response to bolus 5-FU in the MMR-deficient cell lines H...

Orotic acid is decarboxylated with a half-time (t1/2) of 78 million years in neutral aqueous solution at room temperature, as indicated by reactions in quartz tubes at elevated temperatures. Spontaneous hydrolysis of phosphodiester bonds, such as those present in the backbone of DNA, proceeds even more slowly at high temperatures, but the heat of activation is less positive, so that dimethyl ph...

the article by cheri wilson, “patient safety and healthcare quality: the case for language access”, highlights 
the challenges of providing culturally and linguistically appropriate services (clas) to patients with 
limited english proficiency (lep). as the us pursues high-value, high-performance healthcare, our ability 
to meet the needs of our most vulnerable will determine whether we succeed...

Skilled readers are able to derive meaning from a stream of visual input with remarkable efficiency. In this article, we present the first evidence that statistical information latent in the linguistic environment can contribute to an account of reading behavior. In two eye-tracking studies, we demonstrate that the transitional probabilities between words have a measurable influence on fixation...

Learning to read involves associating abstract visual shapes with familiar meanings. Embodiment theories suggest that word meaning is at least partially represented in distributed sensorimotor networks in the brain (Barsalou, 2008; Pulvermueller, 2013). We explored how reading comprehension develops by tracking when and how printed words start activating these "semantic" sensorimotor representa...

"We're facing a trend where people are being constantly encouraged to store more and more of their data with third parties," says Kevin Bankston, a staff attorney with the Electronic Frontier Foundation, a technology policy watchdog organization. Bankston says the EFF's objection isn't to the trend itself. "To the extent the law keeps up or these things are designed such that the government can...

Background: The P600 brain wave reflects syntactic processes in response to different first language (L1) violations, repair, structural reanalysis, and specific semantic components. Unlike processing, aspects of the second (L2) processing differ from L1, particularly at lower levels proficiency. At higher L2 proficiency, violations are more likely result P600, similar L1 native speakers. Objec...