BACKGROUND Cinnamon has been shown to delay gastric emptying of a high-carbohydrate meal and reduce postprandial glycemia in healthy adults. However, it is dietary fat which is implicated in the etiology and is associated with obesity, type 2 diabetes and cardiovascular disease. We aimed to determine the effect of 3 g cinnamon (Cinnamomum zeylanicum) on GE, postprandial lipemic and glycemic res...

Many of us with physiological interests in nutrition specialise in one or other of the macronutrients. This can lead to a blinkered view, since in normal daily life we do not, of course, eat nutrients in isolation. A couple of years ago I commented on the qualitative effects of dietary carbohydrate on fat absorption and appearance in the circulation (Frayn, 1998a). Now it seems appropriate to r...

OBJECTIVE To assess whether hormone replacement therapy with estrogens in association with progestogens in postmenopausal hypertensive women alters postprandial triglyceridemia and vascular reactivity. METHODS A double-blind, placebo-controlled, crossover study was carried out with 15 postmenopausal women (age range: 50 to 70 years, mean = 61.6 +/- 6 years) randomly assigned to 2 weeks of pla...

OBJECTIVES To investigate the effect of food on the steady-state pharmacokinetics of rilpivirine when administered as a fixed-dose combination tablet containing tenofovir disoproxil fumarate, emtricitabine plus rilpivirine (TDF/FTC/RPV) in HIV-1-infected Ugandan patients. METHODS This was an open-label, three-period, longitudinal pharmacokinetic study with patients serving as their own contro...

The gut microbiota plays an obligatory role in the metabolism of nutrients containing trimethylamine moieties, such as L-carnitine and choline, leading to the production of the proatherogenic trimethylamine-N-oxide (TMAO). We hypothesized that a short-term, high-fat diet would increase fasting and postprandial plasma concentrations of TMAO in response to a high-fat meal challenge. Following a 2...

BACKGROUND Recent studies on humans and rodents have suggested that the timing of food intake plays an important role in circadian regulation and metabolic health. Consumption of high-fat foods during the inactive period or at the end of the awake period results in weight gain and metabolic syndrome in rodents. However, the distinct effects of breakfast size and the breakfast/dinner size ratio ...

BACKGROUND Longitudinal studies have implicated both marital distress and depression in the development of the metabolic syndrome, a risk factor for diabetes and cardiovascular disease. This study addressed the impact of hostile marital interactions and a mood disorder history on obesity-related metabolic responses to high-fat meals. METHODS This double-blind, randomized crossover study inclu...

In recent years, the production of nutritious snacks has received much attention. Food industry by-products represent an abundant source of nutrients and are often used as an animal feed. Sunflower seed meal is high in protein and essential amino acids, minerals and vitamins and mohammadi rose (R. Damascena) waste, contains high amounts of phenolic compounds. In the present study, sunflower see...

Vegetable fats and oils are major sources of dietary vitamin E. Consequently the current trend to reduce fat consumption is accompanied by a reduction of the intake of vitamin E. In addition, the absorption of vitamin E is thought to be dependent on the hydrolysis of dietary lipids in the small intestine. It is therefore conceivable that a lower dietary fat intake also diminishes the intestinal...

BACKGROUND Dietary fat quality may influence skeletal muscle lipid processing and fat accumulation, thereby modulating insulin sensitivity. OBJECTIVE The objective was to examine the acute effects of meals with various fatty acid (FA) compositions on skeletal muscle FA processing and postprandial insulin sensitivity in obese, insulin-resistant men. DESIGN In a single-blind, randomized, cros...