Building robust and reliable storage systems and memory hierarchies is very important in modern computing environment because hierarchical memory architecture is present almost everywhere. This hierarchy is not limited to attached devices, but it expands to middle-tiers, web caches, and network and internet storage. So optimizing access of the data stored along all these hierarchical levels is ...

We discuss the methods of Evans and Moshonov [Bayesian Analysis 1 (2006) 893–914, Bayesian Statistics and Its Applications (2007) 145–159] concerning checking for prior-data conflict and their relevance to the method proposed in this paper.

We present the first hierarchical identity based encryption (HIBE) system that has full security for more than a constant number of levels. In all prior HIBE systems in the literature, the security reductions suffered from exponential degradation in the depth of the hierarchy, so these systems were only proven fully secure for identity hierarchies of constant depth. (For deep hierarchies, previ...

BACKGROUND With current emphasis on leadership in medicine, this study explores Goleman's leadership styles of medical education leaders at different hierarchical levels and gain insight into factors that contribute to the appropriateness of practices. METHODS Forty two leaders (28 first-level with limited formal authority, eight middle-level with wider program responsibility and six senior- ...

The analysis of stability of community structure is an important problem for scientists from many fields. Here, we propose a new framework to reveal hidden properties of community structure by quantitatively analyzing the dynamics of Potts model. Specifically we model the Potts procedure of community structure detection by a Markov process, which has a clear mathematical explanation. Critical t...

Recent views of categorization suggest that categories are action-based rather than arbitrary symbols. Three connectionist simulations explore the hierarchical organization of categories in the framework of an action-based theory of categorization. In the simulations an organism with a visual system and a two-segment arm has to reach different points in space depending on the object seen and on...

Hierarchical models are increasingly used in many applications. Along with this increased use comes a desire to investigate whether the model is compatible with the observed data. Bayesian methods are well suited to eliminate the many (nuisance) parameters in these complicated models; in this paper we investigate Bayesian methods for model checking. Since we contemplate model checking as a prel...

Organisms are hierarchically organized, both structurally and behaviorally, where one level is defined to be above another level if the objects from the latter are combined together to make objects of the former level. I say that such a pair of levels is a combinatorial system. To understand organisms will require appreciating the relationships between all pairs of adjacent hierarchical levels ...

Real data often show some level of hierarchical structure and its complexity is likely to be underrepresented by a single low-dimensional visualization plot. Hierarchical models organize the data visualization at different levels, and their ultimate goal is displaying a representation of the entire data set at the top-level, perhaps revealing the presence of clusters, while allowing the lower l...