This paper presents a novel approach to enhance hierarchical phrase-based (HPB) machine translation systems with case frame (CF).we integrate the Japanese shallow CF into both rule extraction and decoding. All of these rules are then employed to decode new sentences in Japanese with source language case frame. The results of experiments carried out on Japanese-Chinese test sets. It shows that o...

In this paper, we describe two approaches to extending syntactic constraints in the Hierarchical Phrase-Based (HPB) Statistical Machine Translation (SMT) model using Combinatory Categorial Grammar (CCG). These extensions target the limitations of previous syntax-augmented HPB SMT systems which limit the coverage of the syntactic constraints applied. We present experiments on Arabic–English and ...

Effects of increased MP supply on the degree of periparturient relaxation of immunity (PPRI) in sheep may be dependent on quality of supplied MP. Here we tested the hypothesis that additional MP supply from rations based on xylose-treated soybean meal would be more effective than from rations based on faba beans in reducing the degree of PPRI, as indicated by nematode egg excretion. Twenty-four...

SIXTY SAMPLES OF TISSUE FRAGMENTS WITH LESIONS SUGGESTIVE OF TUBERCULOSIS FROM BOVINE ABATTOIRS, KEPT IN SATURATED SOLUTION OF SODIUM BORATE, WERE SUBJECTED TO FOUR TREATMENTS: 4% NaOH (Petroff Method), 12 % H2SO4 and 1.5% HPC (1-Hexadecylpyridinium Chloride) decontamination, and physiological saline solution (control). The HPC method showed the lowest contamination rate (3%) when compared to c...

4-(Methylnitrosamino)-1-(3-pyridyl)-1-butanone (NNK) is activated to DNA alkylating species via two different alpha-hydroxylation pathways. Methylene hydroxylation leads to DNA methylation, whereas methyl hydroxylation yields DNA pyridyloxobutylation. We have developed a high-pressure liquid chromatography assay utilizing radiochemical detection that permits the determination of the extent of m...

Abstract The role of temperature advection in the Arctic lower troposphere under changing level global warming is investigated using a large-ensemble climate simulation dataset. Taking 30-year climatology non-warming (HPB-NAT) as reference, we examined difference basic states historical experiment (HPB) and 2 K 4 experiments (HFB-2K HFB-4K) decomposed them into terms related to dynamical change...

In reconfigurable intelligent surfaces (RISs) aided communications, the existing passive beamforming (PB) design involves polynomial complexity in number of reflecting elements, and thus is difficult to implement due a massive elements. To overcome this difficulty, we propose reflection-angle-based cascaded channel model by adopting generalized Snell’s law, which dimension variable space involv...

OBJECTIVE To assess the association between usual dietary sodium intake and blood pressure among US children and adolescents, overall and by weight status. METHODS Children and adolescents aged 8 to 18 years (n = 6235) who participated in NHANES 2003-2008 comprised the sample. Subjects' usual sodium intake was estimated by using multiple 24-hour dietary recalls. Linear or logistic regression ...

BACKGROUND In adults ERCP and endoscopic ultrasound (EUS) are standard methods of evaluating and treating many hepatopancreaticobiliary (HPB) conditions. HPB disease is being diagnosed with increasing frequency in children but information about role of ERCP and EUS and their outcomes in this population remain limited. Therefore the aims of this study were to describe the paediatric ERCP and EUS...