In this paper we study a behavioral model of conflict that provides a basis for choosing certain indices of dispersion as indicators for conflict. We show that the (equilibrium) level of conflict can be expressed as an (approximate) linear function of the Gini coefficient, the Herfindahl-Hirschman fractionalization index, and a specific measure of polarization due to Esteban and Ray. JEL-Classi...

In this paper we develop a measure of competition based on management’s disclosures in their 10-K filing and find that firms’ rates of diminishing marginal returns on new and existing investment vary significantly with our measure. We show that these firm-level disclosures are related to existing industry-level measures of disclosure (e.g. Herfindahl index), but capture something distinctly new...

We study gatekeeping physicians' referrals of patients to specialty care. We derive theoretical results when competition in the physician market intensifies. First, due to competitive pressure, physicians refer patients to specialty care more often. Second, physicians earn more by treating patients themselves, so refer patients to specialty care less often. We assess empirically the overall eff...

The main objective of this paper is to introduce an Allen-type index differentiation based on cost functions. With index, we create economic measure product that quantifies differences between products. Applied research has some generally accepted measures, for example, the Herfindahl–Hirschman Index market concentration, or Gini coefficient inequality. Product differentiation, however, does no...

Existing literature argues that political competition and electoral participation influence government efficiency. However, empirical evidence on the matter for developing countries is scant mixed. This paper contributes to by exploring impact of fiscal performance 1,098 Colombian municipalities during four periods (2000-2015). Using a fixed effect panel data model, we find significant positive...

Abstract The relative importance of key state-level outcomes upon U.S. national corn and soybean production was examined using correlated component regression , a recently developed technique for application to multicollinear sparse data sets. Standardized coefficients were used rank the states’ importance. A Herfindahl-Hirschman Index measure degree concentration among top ranked states. empir...

We investigate mergers in markets where quality differences between products are central and firms may reposition their product lines by adding or removing of different qualities following a merger. Such materially from those studied the existing literature. Mergers without synergies exhibit product-mix effect which raises consumer surplus, but only when pre-merger industry structure satisfies ...

This paper aims to examine export, import and trade intensity, export specialization index, Herfindahl-Hirschman index for bilateral concentration diversification indices analyze the specializations, structure trends of deficit in between Bangladesh China from 1995 2018 policy recommendations this regard. The results reveal that gap intensity is widening rapidly perennial. expose very significa...

This study examines the influence of competition on the financial stability of the commercial banks of Association of Southeast Asian Nation (ASEAN) over the 1990 to 2014 period. Panzar-Rosse H-statistic, Lerner index and Herfindahl-Hirschman Index (HHI) are used as measures of competition, while Z-score, non-performing loan (NPL) ratio and equity ratio are used as measures of financial stabili...