Drug craving and the other compulsive behaviours are the essences of addiction. People who abuse substances are likely to find themselves increasingly isolated from their families. Several drug abuse studies have been conducted (1-3). The aim of this study was to analyse of treated drug users in the Slovak Republic in the period 2006–2015. We conducted a descriptive analysis the treatments for ...

How do ordinary people decide whether an individual object at t1 is the same individual at t2? We show that valence— people’s value judgments about whether a given trait is good or bad—can influence this decision. This effect is explained by people’s tendency to believe that the underlying essence of an entity is good, and may be part of a far wider phenomenon of how people understand essences ...

This paper discusses the importance of anticipation and regression in modeling cognitive behavior. The meanings of these cognitive functions are explained by describing our proposed neural network model which has been implemented on a set of cognitive robotics experiments. The reviews of these experiments suggest that the essences of embodied cognition may reside in the phenomena of the break-d...

Abstract Strong dispositional monism (SDM), the position that all fundamental physical properties consist in relations to other properties, is naturally construed as property structuralism. J. Lowe’s circularity/regress objection (CRO) constitutes a serious challenge SDM questions possibility of purely relational determination essences. The supervenience thesis A. Bird’s graph-theoretic asymmet...

Absinthe, a bitter spirit containing wormwood (Artemisia absinthium L.), was banned at the beginning of the 20th century as consequence of its supposed unique adverse effects. After nearly century-long prohibition, absinthe has seen a resurgence after recent de-restriction in many European countries. This review provides information on the history of absinthe and one of its constituent, thujone...

The scientific classification of human psychopathology raises a host of important philosophical issues ranging over all major areas of philosophical inquiry; logic, semantics, ontology, epistemology and ethics. The paper focuses on the major views of the ontological status of our psychodiagnostic constructs; idealism, nominalism and finally, neoaristotelian realism. Idealism holds that our psyc...

The free will defense attempts to show that the existence of God is logically compatible with the existence of evil, and it received its most sophisticated development in the work of Alvin Plantinga (1974). Many philosophers believe that Plantinga’s free will defense conclusively demonstrates the logical compatibility of God and evil. Philosophers such as W. Alston, R. Adams, and W. Rowe have w...

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