Urea is an effective solubilizer for dyes with low aqueous solubility. To establish, at a molecular level, the reason behind action of urea as solubilizer, we employ rigorous statistical thermodynamics approach based on Kirkwood-Buff theory solutions. We show that (i) contrary to classical hypothesis “water structure breaking”, effect dye hydration makes minor contribution solubilization; (ii) ...

The conversion of biomass into chemicals, fuels and energy using the bio-refinery concept has attracted lot of attention. In particular, lignocellulosic biomass, consisting of cellulose (ca. 50%), hemicellulose (ca. 30%) and lignin (ca. 20%) is of special interest because it is non-edible and in plentiful supply. Hemicellulose is a heterogeneous polymer, made up of C5 and C6 sugars (such as xyl...

The solubilization dynamics of dimyristoylphosphatidylcholine (DMPC) liposomes, as induced by sodium dodecyl sulfate (SDS), were investigated; this investigation was motivated by several types of atypical behavior that were observed in the solubilization in this system. The liposomes and surfactants were mixed in a microchip, and the solubilization reaction of each liposome was observed using ...

Phosphate solublization activity of Bacillus subtilis in different carbon and nitrogen sources with insoluble form of phosphate sources like tricalcium phosphate and rock phosphate were studied. TCP solubilization with different carbon sources irrespective of incubation period can be related in the following order: glucose, fructose, arabinose, mannose, sucrose, lactose, and sorbitol. The pH dr...