Understanding and controlling environmental conditions is crucial to successful poultry production and welfare. Heat stress is one of the most important environmental stressors challenging poultry production worldwide. The detrimental effects of heat stress on broilers and laying hens range from reduced growth and egg production to decreased poultry and egg quality and safety. Moreover, the neg...

We report the first empirical data describing the interactive effects of simultaneous changes in irradiance and convection on energy expenditure by live mammals. Whole-animal rates of solar heat gain and convective heat loss were measured for representatives of two ground squirrel species, Spermophilus lateralis and Spermophilus saturatus, that contrast in coloration. Radiative heat gain was qu...

Heat tolerance is well known to be key to fungal survival in many habitats, but our mechanistic understanding of how organisms adapt to heat stress is still incomplete. Using Metarhizium robertsii, an emerging model organism for assessing evolutionary processes, we report that pyruvate is in the vanguard of molecules that scavenge heat-induced reactive oxygen species (ROS). We show that, as wel...

A homeothermic animal maintains a balance between its heat production and the physical processes of heat exchange with its environment by regulating its physiology and behavior. The complexity of heat transfer is beyond comprehension, but the characteristics of heat transfer for different animals in different habitats can be determined through analytical procedures. For example, evaporation los...

Heat production during and after contraction of isolated rabbit papillary muscles was measured at 20 degrees C with metal-film thermopiles. Under control conditions (0.2 Hz, pH 7.4) total heat and steady-state force production due to 120 twitches were 1.0 +/- 0.4 J/g and 29.5 +/- 5.1 mN/mm2 (mean +/- SD; n = 5), respectively. Increasing the CO2 of the bicarbonate-buffered superfusate from 5% (p...

Rene-80 nickel-base superalloy as an alloy for production of the jet turbine blades shows high mechanical properties as well as microstructure stability during the high temperature engine operation. In this research, age hardening heat treatment cycle was done on the as-cast Rene-80 superalloy. In the following, microstructure, elemental analysis of phases and macro-hardness of the alloy before...

Wrapping low-birth-weight neonates in a plastic bag prevents body heat loss. A bonnet can also be used, since large amounts of heat can be lost from the head region, but may provide too much thermal insulation, thus increasing the risk of overheating. We assessed the time required to reach warning body temperature (t38 degrees C), heat stroke (t40 degrees C), or extreme value (t43 degrees C) in...

In response to certain environmental stresses, cells display a response characterized by the production of heat shock proteins. In this study we showed that blockage of cells of the yeast Saccharomyces cerevisiae at specific points in the mitotic cell cycle was not in itself a stress that induced the production of heat shock proteins. Nevertheless, cell cycle blockage did not preclude a normal ...

Additional evidence is presented to show that heat production resulting from the Pons-Fleischmann Effect has a positive temperature coefficient, has a critical onset current density, and originates at the palladium cathode. Introduction The Pons-Fleischmann effect is proposed to produce energy by initiating a fusion reaction between two deuterium atoms within an electrolytic cell. While an unde...

1. Severe and sufficient non-fatal injury to the suprarenal cortex by freezing or by ligation in cats causes a significant and prolonged increase in heat production. 2. Lethal injury to the suprarenals by freezing, ligation, or partial excision in cats causes a fall in heat production. 3. Insufficient injury to the suprarenals by freezing, ligation, or partial excision in cats produces no signi...