a three-parameter cubic equation of state has been proposed for predicting pvt of pure refrigerantssuch as r236ea, r236fa, r245fa, r245ca, r218, r227ea, and r717, from freezing point up to critical pointtemperature and pressures up 650 atm. we explore the theory of the equation of state from the view pointof ihm–song–mason (ism) equation of state, which has been derived on the basis of statisti...

abstract: in this study, al 2 o 3 /eg and tio 2 /eg nanofluids as coolants have been used in the double-tube heat exchanger. the hot solvent inlet heat exchanger must be cooled down with a specified amount. we can use nanofluids as coolants in the heat exchanger for optimization of the heat transfer area. therefore, the efficacy of nanofluids as coolants is verified. furthermore, flow rate of c...

abstract background: heat is one of the most important of harmful agents in many working environments such as bakeries that can cause prevalence of diseases related to heat and falling of efficiency. aim of this study was exposure evaluation of isfahan bakers to heat stresses in their working environment through evaluation of relationship among wet bulb globe temperature index (wbgt) , oral tem...

background: heat therapy is one of the natural treatments that can affect the information transferred by the proprioceptive receptors. heat has an effect on the conduction velocity of peripheral nerves, but the exact effect of two kinds of deep and superficial heat on the joint position sense is not known clearly. the present study aimed to compare the effect of deep and superficial heat on ank...

wear is a complicated phenomenon caused by the relative movement of two contacting surfaces compressed together by a normal force. prediction of the wear, in most cases, requires various experiments and microstructural characterization of the contacting surfaces. mathematical models based on physical concepts could provide considerable help in understanding the physical behavior and hence the p...

background: pastry occupation is one of occupations to exposure with heat and significant number of workers works at it. this study is aimed to heat stress and heat strain score index assessment in the pastry workers of isfahan.   methods: this cross sectional and descriptive study was conducted on 360 pastry workers between 10 and 14 hours in the summer of 2012. wbgt index was used for determi...

heat exchangers are one of the most important devices of mechanical systems in modernsociety. most industrial processes involve the transfer of heat and more often they requirethe heat transfer process to be controlled. a heat exchanger is the heat exchanged betweentwo media, one being cold and the other being hot. there are different types of heatexchanger, but the type which is widely used in...

in this work, the characteristics of flow and heat transfer of a fluid containing nano particles of aluminum oxide with the water volume fraction (0.1-0.2-0.3)(v/v) percent of the reports. the overall heat transfer coefficient, heat transfer and the average heat transfer fluid containing nano water - aluminum oxide in a horizontal double pipe counter flow heat exchanger under turbulent flow con...