Fuzzy Sets and Systems 161 (2010) 412-432 Elsevier www.elsevier.com/locate/fss A Categorical Semantics for Fuzzy Predicate Logic

Circus is a combination of Z and CSP; its chief distinguishing feature is the inclusion of the ideas of the refinement calculus. Our main objective is the definition of refinement methods for concurrent programs. The original semantic model for Circus is Hoare and He’s unifying theories of programming. In this paper, we present an equivalent semantics based on predicate transformers. With this ...

Circus is a combination of Z and CSP; its chief distinguishing feature is the inclusion of the ideas of the refinement calculus. Our main objective is the definition of refinement methods for concurrent programs. The original semantic model for Circus is Hoare and He’s unifying theories of programming. In this paper, we present an equivalent semantics based on predicate transformers. With this ...

【Keywords】Micro Credit (MC), social ties, information asymmetry, creditworthiness, Guatemala, 【JEL code】C25, D14, Q14 【Abstract】Who borrows Micro Credit (MC) is the information needed to improve not only MC programs but also policies of poverty alleviation. This paper analyzes the MC use determinants taking social ties into account using data in Guatemalan Living Standard Measurement Study. It ...

In this article we investigate the relationships between the classical notions of weakest precondition and weakest liberal precondition, and provide several results, namely that in general, weakest liberal precondition is neither stronger nor weaker than weakest precondition, however, given a deterministic and terminating sequential while program and a postcondition, they are equivalent. Hence,...

We study operations and equational properties of multirelations, which have been used for modelling games, protocols, computations, contact, closure and topology. The operations and properties are expressed using sets, heterogeneous relation algebras and more general algebras for multirelations. We investigate the algebraic properties of a new composition operation based on the correspondence t...

Predicate transformers that map the postcondition and all intermediate conditions of a command to a precondition are introduced They can be used to specify certain progress properties of sequential programs

In [19], Migliore–Miró-Roig–Nagel show that the Weak Lefschetz property can fail for an ideal I ⊆ K[x 1 ,. .. , x 4 ] generated by powers of linear forms. This is in contrast to the analogous situation in K[x 1 , x 2 , x 3 ], where WLP always holds [24]. We use the inverse system dictionary to connect I to an ideal of fat points, and show that failure of WLP for powers of linear forms is connec...

In a recent paper, F. Zanello showed that level Artinian algebras in 3 variables can fail to have the Weak Lefschetz Property (WLP), and can even fail to have unimodal Hilbert function. We show that the same is true for the Artinian reduction of reduced, level sets of points in projective 3-space. Our main goal is to begin an understanding of how the geometry of a set of points can prevent its ...

The lack of a method for developing programs from Z specifications is a widely recognized difficulty. In response to this problem, different approaches to the integration of Z with a refinement calculus have been proposed. These programming techniques are promising, but as far as we know, have not been formalized. Since they are based on refinement calculi formalized in terms of weakest precond...