Measures of corruption and income are highly correlated across countries. We use prehistoric measures of biogeography as instruments for modern income levels. We find that our instrumented incomes explain the cross-country pattern of corruption just as well as do actual incomes. This result demonstrates that the long-run causality is entirely from income to corruption. Hence, there is a Corrupt...

We present a study of the effects of disk and memory corruption on file system data integrity. Our analysis focuses on Sun’s ZFS, a modern commercial offering with numerous reliability mechanisms. Through careful and thorough fault injection, we show that ZFS is robust to a wide range of disk faults. We further demonstrate that ZFS is less resilient to memory corruption, which can lead to corru...

a r t i c l e i n f o This paper analyses how the quality of governance, the size of public spending, and economic development affect the relationship between bureaucratic corruption and economic growth. The analysis shows that the interaction between corruption and governance shapes the efficiency of public spending, which in turn, determines the growth effects of corruption. Specifically, cor...

Literature abounds to show that the current anti-corruption strategies have failed to fight corruption because of neglect of ethics in these strategies, despite its importance. The purpose of this paper is to make a contribution to anti-corruption theory by developing a model that clarifies many complex ethical dilemmas around corruption. To develop a conceptual model, the extant literatures on...

Many international organisations and national institutions such as, for example, the United Nations (UN) Human Rights Council, Transparency International, Constitutional Court of South Africa have agreed that corruption has a negative impact on realisation enjoyment human rights. Vulnerable marginalised groups are disproportionally impacted when it comes to their socio-economic This is especial...

Under the table or informal payments in several middle and low income countries is a serious impediment to health care reform. These payments are effectively a form of systemic corruption. This report shows the efforts of a patient who seek health care for his ankle while being requested to pay under the table in hospital and private clinic. The data were collected by interview and surveying pa...

This study furthers our understanding of how corruption affects the decision-making process of allocating foreign direct investment (FDI). Drawing on the responses of 28 managers in charge of establishing operations in a highly corrupt host country, we argue that those firms based in home countries with low levels of corruption are more proactive in preparing to face corruption abroad than thos...

Corruption is an important economic variable but one that is extremely difficult to measure. As a result, researchers have resorted to using perception indexes as a proxy for true corruption. Recent studies suggest that perception measures are inaccurate, and have encouraged the use of methodologies that can measure fact-based corruption – corruption that actually takes place. In this paper, we...

In this chapter I present some preliminary results on the nature of corruption and countervailing action in Pakistan, drawing on data extracted from newspapers. Once it is recognized that corruption creates losers as well as winners, some dramatic implications for the theory of corruption emerge. This leads to an analysis of the countervailing action taken by losers to offset their losses from ...

This paper presents theoretical and empirical evidence on the nexus between corruption and democracy. We establish a political economy model where the effect of democracy on corruption is conditional on income distribution and property rights protection. Our empirical analysis with cross-national panel data provides evidence that is consistent with the theoretical prediction. Moreover, the effe...