In history, inflation has appeared many times. For example, the Recession. Also, GDP and deflation occur from time to time. However, there is little research about relationship between GDP. Therefore, this paper wants investigate how associated with no linear these two factors. Investment managers must discover a degree of awareness that aids their decision-making without overwhelming them supe...

The development of neurogenic pulmonary edema (NPE) can be elicited by an immediate epidural balloon compression of the thoracic spinal cord. To evaluate whether a slower balloon inflation could prevent NPE development, we examined the extent of NPE in animals lesioned with a rapid (5 microl - 5 microl - 5 microl) or slow rate (3 microl - 2 microl - 2 microl - 2 microl - 2 microl - 2 microl - 2...

in present paper, first the concept of informal economy and its place in the economic literature has been described. then the causes and factors involved in providing the informal sector was examined and the volume of informal economy was estimated. second, the effect of inflation on informal economy was surveyed. to estimate the volume of informal sector, residual discrepancy method was used a...

Evidence of smooth transition autoregressive (STAR) representations is found in two, out of three, time series of different measures of annual inflation in Colombia during this decade for monthly data. The STAR-type nonlinearities are asymmetric for inflation computed as the variation of CPI while for (a measure of ) core inflation are symmetric. Thus, LSTAR and ESTAR models were, respectively,...

concept of inflation compensation. Finally, we provide evidence that Federal Reserve communication and surprises in monetary policy actions bear on the uncertainty surrounding the expected rate of inflation. For one concept of inflation expectations, we find that Federal Reserve communication reduces uncertainty about the future rate of inflation, while surprises in monetary policy actions incr...

the subject of monetary policy orientation and tailoring a framework within which the credibility and desirability of the policies and the policy makers is enhanced, while the most important goal of policies, i.e reaching to and preserving a low and stable inflation rate is achieved, has recently been a controversial issue for a large number of economists. in fact the necessity arised since the...

It is well known that when re insurance coverages involve a deductible, the impact of inflation of loss amounts is distorted, and the changes in claims paid by the re insurer cannot be assumed to reflect the rate of inflation. A particularly interesting phenomenon occurs when losses follow a Pareto distribution. In this case, the observed loss amounts those that exceed the deductible are identi...