The mechanical microenvironment at a fracture site could potentially influence the outcomes of bone fracture healing. It is known that, should the fixation construct be too stiff, or the gap between the fracture ends be too large, bones are less likely to heal. Flexible fixation or so-called “biological fixation” has been shown to encourage the formation of fracture callus, and therefore result...

Bones fracture frequently and often result in significant impairments, functional limitations, and disabilities, especially when the hand is involved. When fractures occur, there is a disruption of the skeletal tissue organization and a loss of mechanical integrity. The goal of fracture healing is to regenerate mineralized tissue in the fracture area and restore mechanical strength to the bone....

Bone fractures are among the common disorders worldwide. The healing process of a fracture is a relatively long period. Furthermore, a significant portion of fractures become nonunions or delayed that increase the long healing process of fractures even more. These characteristics have provoked the researchers to develop new techniques for reducing the healing process of fresh bone fracture as w...

The failure of an osseous fracture to heal, or the development of a nonunion, is common; however, current diagnostic measures lack the capability of early and reliable detection of such events. Analyses of radiographic imaging and clinical examination, in combination, remain the gold standard for diagnosis; however, these methods are not reliable for early detection. Delayed diagnosis of a nonu...

In order to achieve consistent and predictable fracture healing, a broad spectrum of growth factors are required to interact with one another in a highly organized response. Critically important, the mechanical environment around the fracture site will significantly influence the way bone heals, or if it heals at all. The role of the various biological factors, the timing, and spatial relations...

This paper reviews the available literature on effect of direct current on fracture healing; from a diagnostic view point. It also reviews various fracture treatments in practice, diagnostic tools, computational modeling and fracture healing prediction using Engineering techniques. We attempt to predict the complicated process fracture healing treated using DC electrical stimulation by computat...

OBJECTIVES Small animal models of fracture repair primarily investigate indirect fracture healing via external callus formation. We present the first described rat model of direct fracture healing. METHODS A rat tibial osteotomy was created and fixed with compression plating similar to that used in patients. The procedure was evaluated in 15 cadaver rats and then in vivo in ten Sprague-Dawley...

BACKGROUND The overexpression of tumor necrosis factor (TNF)-α leads to systemic as well as local loss of bone and cartilage and is also an important regulator during fracture healing. In this study, we investigate how TNF-α inhibition using a targeted monoclonal antibody affects fracture healing in a TNF-α driven animal model of human rheumatoid arthritis (RA) and elucidate the question whethe...

Management of osteoporotic fracture is challenging. In most clinical settings, skeletal regenerations are biologically optimized, but still many patients continue to experience delayed or impaired healing. Methods to enhance these healing processes, are needed to decrease patient’s agony, so that they can return to their work and regain their socioeconomic status in the community. Till this tim...

INTRODUCTION The combination of traumatic brain injury (TBI) and long-bone fracture leads to increased formation of callus and mineral density in wild-type (WT) mice. However, this effect was not detected radiologically in leptin-deficient mice. Due to the complex interactions between hormonal and bone metabolism and the important role of leptin in this setting, our aim was to investigate morph...