The environmental problems of the United States and the European nations have generated a dynamic body of literature in legal and economic research. One of the most significant branches of this research has been the analysis of strict liability versus ex post negligence standards, and the sharing of damages under each regime, when the level of prospective environmental damages can be estimated ...

This paper revisits work on the socio-political amplification of risk, which predicts that those living in developing countries are exposed to greater risk than residents of developed nations. This prediction contrasts with the neoliberal expectation that market driven improvements in working conditions within industrialising/developing nations will lead to global convergence of hazard exposure...

The Agency for Toxic Substances and Disease Registry (ATSDR) uses chemical-specific minimal risk levels (MRLs) to assist in evaluating public health risks associated with exposure to hazardous substances. MRLs are estimates of daily human exposure to a chemical that are likely to be without an appreciable risk of adverse noncancer health effects over a specified duration of exposure. MRLs serve...

The recent US Commodity Flow Survey data suggest that transporting hazardous materials (HAZMAT) often involves multiple modes, especially for long-distance transportation. However, not much research has been conducted on HAZMAT location and routing on a multimodal transportation network. Most existing HAZMAT location and routing studies focus exclusively on single mode (either highways or railw...

Environmentalists worry that hazardous wastes produced in industrialized nations are being dumped in cash-starved developing countries--the countries with the least political or economic clout to resist and the fewest resources for managing these toxic imports. Imported waste can pose a serious threat to the health of human populations and ecosystems if not managed appropriately. In 1989, the i...

s of Remediation Case Studies: EPA 542-R-95-001, Documents project design, operation, performance, cost, and lessons learned. The reports should be useful to those evaluating the feasibility or design of these technologies at similar sites. [clu-in.com] Bioremediation Field Initiative Site Profiles. Current information on the status of bioremediation nationally as well as information on sites w...

The number of railroad events reported to the Agency for Toxic Substances and Disease Registry's Hazardous Substances Emergency Events Surveillance system increased from 84 in 1993 to 177 in 1998. Comparisons of data on railroad and non-railroad events were made. The results overall indicated a greater potential impact of railroad events on public health. A median number of 2039 persons were li...

I. Review information and studies on the environmental exposure and effects of nanoparticulate silver; II. Comment on known or predicted environmental exposure levels and whether these present a human health or environmental risk; III. Comment on the nature of appropriate measures to minimise risks, if these are felt to be necessary at this point in time; IV. Consider what action should be take...

Footwear is a complex product, comprising various materials which are made using a wide range of chemicals. Some of these chemicals are hazardous for health and for the environment. Converting raw hides into finished products requires a number of complex treatments, for which large amounts of chemicals and water are used. The purpose of this study is to provide information on the harmful substa...