Rates of deforestation in the Amazon region have been accelerating, but the quantity and timing of nutrient losses from forested and deforested ecosystems are poorly understood. This paper investigates the broad variation in soil properties of the Amazon Basin as they influence transfers of plant nutrients from the terrestrial biosphere to the atmosphere and the aquatic biosphere. The dominant ...

Research activities combining lidar and radar remote sensing have increased in recent years. The main focus in combining lidar-radar forest remote sensing has been on the retrieval of the aboveground biomass (AGB), which is a primary variable related to carbon cycle in land ecosystems, and has therefore been identified as an essential climate variable. In this review, we summarize the studies c...

Cancers are complex, evolving, multiscale ecosystems that are characterized by profound spatial and temporal heterogeneity. The interactions in cancer are non-linear in that small changes in one variable can have large changes on another. These multiple interacting phenotypes and spatial scales can best be understood with appropriate mathematical and computational models. Imaging is central to ...

ground beetles (carabidae) with more than 40,000 described species worldwide are one of the main generalist predator groups and have an important role in reducing pest population and enhancing biodiversity of agricultural and wild ecosystems. specimens from different agricultural and forest ecosystems in azadshahr region, golestan province, northern iran, using pitfall traps and light traps, be...

introduction development of studies on the urban, environment and conservation of natural resources, due to increase of urbanization as common lifestyles of citizens, has improved the sustainable urbanization approach that tries to improve  human interaction with nature for sound behavior. cities are the origins of consumerism and consequently irregular use of natural resources and energies. th...

The rapid growth of the smartphone market in China has changed the structure of the Chinese mobile phone industry. The present paper analyzes this change using the concept of the “Business Ecosystem”. The world’s two big business ecosystems, Apple’s and Google’s, have developed as the dominant ecosystems, but telecom common carriers, mobile phone terminal vendors, and network service suppliers,...

The definition and development of learning ecosystems is a complex process with a wide range of requirements. Although two different institutions or companies share the same problems and goals regarding their learning and training processes, the learning ecosystems to support them are different. The components of the ecosystem, including the human factor as a key element, and the relationships ...