[1] We present estimates of nitrogen (N) inputs to the Changjiang River basin for the period 1968–1997. The total N input is approximately 7.8 10 kg in 1997, which is a threefold increase over 1968 levels. N fixation was often a dominant input before 1978, providing about 2.2 10 kg year , while N fertilizer dominated N input after 1983, supplying an additional input of some 4.4 10 kg year . Mor...

[1] We explore pan-Arctic climate connectivity by examining historical time series of satellite-based measurements of Eurasian snow cover extent and of observed Canadian snow water equivalent (SWE) and freshwater discharge, with a focus on the Churchill River Basin of Labrador and the Chesterfield Inlet Basin of Nunavut. Analysis of the data reveals statistically significant positive (negative)...

The main content of the new European Water Framework Directive is presented. Within its river basin management approach, a special mention of coastal waters status is made. Among the issues at stake are the setting up of river basin management plans, including coastal waters, and water quality assessment system leading to an harmonized definition of quality objectives and their appropriate indi...

BACKGROUND Mycobacterium ulcerans is the causative agent of the necrotizing skin disease Buruli ulcer (BU), which has been reported from over 30 countries worldwide. The majority of notified patients come from West African countries, such as Côte d'Ivoire, Ghana, Benin and Cameroon. All clinical isolates of M. ulcerans from these countries are closely related and their genomes differ only in a ...

1 This paper introduces the development of a dynamic parallel algorithm for conducting 2 hydrological model simulations. This new algorithm consists of a river network 3 decomposition method and an enhanced master-slave paradigm. The decomposition 4 method is used to divide a basin river network into a large number of subbasins, and the 5 enhanced master-slave paradigm is adopted to realize the...

The INCA (Integrated Nitrogen CAtchment) model is a semi-distributed, dynamic nitrogen model which simulates nitrogen fluxes in catchments. Sources of nitrogen can be atmospheric deposition, the terrestrial environment or direct discharges. The model can simulate nitrogen processes in six land use classes. There are three components included; the hydrological model, the catchment nitrogen proce...

This paper describes the usage of linked models for assessment of water quality in a river basin. River water quality model QUAL2K and the Wennerblom (Älvsborg) diffused pollution model were simultaneously applied for water quality and land-based pollution estimations. A software tool was developed to control the data flow between these models and databases. This tool provides automatic formati...

Rainbow trout native to the McCloud River, California, USA (Oncorhynchus mykiss stonei) are thought to represent a relic, nonanadromous trout adapted to harsh, fragmented environments. These fish, commonly named McCloud River 'redband' trout, survive in their most primitive form in a small, spring-fed stream, Sheepheaven Creek, in the upper McCloud River drainage. Turn-of-the-century fisheries ...

Fish reproductions were studied in two river basins (Corumbataí and Jacaré-Pepira basins) in the State of São Paulo, southeastern Brazil. In the Corumbataí basin, four sites were sampled: Cabeça River, Lapa Stream, Passa-Cinco River, and Corumbataí River; in the Jacaré-Pepira basin, three sites were sampled: Tamanduá Stream, Jacaré-Pepira River, and Agua Branca Stream. A total of 12 bimonthly s...

fish biodiversity investigation in urmia basin which is a part of irano-anatolian hot spot aimed to determine the state of fish in this endorheic basin. based on the obtained results, freshwater fish species of the urmia basin comprise 29 species in 25 genera, 7 families, 5 orders and one class. the most diverse order is the cypriniformes with 23 species (79.31%) followed by salmoniformes and p...