Conscientious objection (CO) is the refusal to obey laws due to moral, religious or belief principles. The ideologies or religions underlying laws or constitutions have been seldom analyzed. Scientific Ethics finds that constitutions and laws have implicit or explicit ideological elements that are imposed on citizens, and denies or forbids others that lead citizens to CO. Ideological analysis i...

In his paper Computing machinery and intelligence, Turing introduces a rather trivial chess problem as a conversation piece in an example Turing test. The example is about much more than computers playing chess: it has a hidden message that is about resolving ambiguity and knowledge representation, probably inserted by Turing as an Easter egg for us to find.

This paper looks at Turing’s postulations about Artificial Intelligence in his paper ‘Computing Machinery and Intelligence’, published in 1950. It notes how accurate they were and how relevant they still are today. This paper notes the arguments and mechanisms that he suggested and tries to expand on them further. The paper however is mostly about describing the essential ingredients for buildi...

The energy efficiency, greenhouse gas (GHG) emissions, and carbon efficiency of paddy rice production were analysed in Sari in the Mazandaran province of Iran during 2011–2012. Data was collected through questionnaires and interviews with paddy producers. The results showed that the net energy gain was 27,932 MJ ha-1 and energy efficiency was 1.83 during production. The results o...

farm machinery managers often need to make complex economic decisions on machinery replacement. repair and maintenance costs can have significant impacts on this economic decision. the farm manager must be able to predict farm machinery repair and maintenance costs. this study aimed to identify a regression model that can adequately represent the repair and maintenance costs in terms of machine...

in this paper the use of farm machinery in sugar beet farms in farsprovince was studied. the necessary data, with two-stage cluster sampling method in fasa, eghlid and darab cities on 2004- 2005 were collected. from 203 farmers selected for the study. 113 of them were in high level mechanization group and 90 of them were in low level mechanization group. in this study, the effect of farm machin...

Intelligent instruments are common components in industrial machinery, and fault diagnosis IoT systems requires the handling of real-time sensor data expert knowledge. sensors cannot collect for all types a specific instrument, long-distance transfer introduces additional uncertainties. However, because equipment has complex causes performances, it is typically difficult or expensive to obtain ...

Background: The present study aimed to assess handling procedures and their effects on the sleep-wake time in the preterm infants admitted to the neonatal intensive care unit (NICU). Methods: This observationalcross-sectional study was conducted in the NICU ofVali-e-Asr Teaching Hospital affiliated to Tehran University of Medical Sciences (TUMS), Iran in 2016. Sample population consisted of 15...

In this study, the authors provide a direct comparison made between whole tree-harvesting (WTH) and cut-to length (CTL) methods, which was conducted in two sites Slovak Republic applied to poplar plantations. Both systems, WTH CTL, have been employed at highest mechanization level sites: “Nivky” “Skalica”. Two different strategies, namely, “mass handling” “small-scale mechanization”, used for r...