The primary goal of any economic policy in the production front is, as far as possible to enhance the degree of sectoral interrelatedness (henceforh SI) within the home economy. The focal objective of such policy is not only to increase the sectoral value added of the economy but also to improve the position of the trade balance in the commodity trade front. Iran, being characterized a sole mon...

assessment and management of the environmental impacts of forest harvesting operations have become increasingly critical factors in practicing commercial forestry. this study investigated soil disturbance from a forest logging system operation on an 8-hectare mixed broadleaved stand in compartment no. 309 in gorazbon district in kheyrud educational and research forest. the objective of this stu...

Worker policing, wherein social insect workers prevent their sisters from reproducing by eating worker-laid eggs, is recognized as a textbook example of kin selection in action. However, the evolutionary basis of policing was recently challenged in a study that suggested that police-workers remove worker-laid eggs not because rearing workers' sons reduces worker fitness, but merely because work...

The study presents an experimental and numerical on unsaturated, non-plastic poorly graded sand, originated from Fortaleza-CE, Brazil. analyses used the Finite Element Method (FEM), were performed using UNSTRUCT software to simulate curve stress versus strain, considering effect of suction soil stiffness. Characterization determination retention through filter paper tests, which determine strai...

A hitherto largely unresolved problem in behavioral biology is how workers are prevented from reproducing in large insect societies with high relatedness. Signals of the queen are assumed to inform the nestmates about her presence in the colony, which leads to indirect fitness benefits for workers. In the ant Camponotus floridanus, we found such a signal located on queen-laid eggs. In groups of...

In the UH8K camera the chips are laid out in two rows each of four 2K by 4K chips laid side by side. There are gaps of about 60 pixels between the sides of the chips and about 20 pixels between the two rows. However, the chips are not precisely laid out on the grid but are slightly rotated and shifted with respect to an ideal tiling grid. In addition to the somewhat irregular chip layout, CFHT ...

Dufour’s gland secretion may allow workerhoneybees to discriminate between queen-laid and work-er-laid eggs. To investigate this, we combined thechemical analysis of individually treated eggs with anegg removal bioassay. We partitioned queen Dufour’sgland into hydrocarbon and ester fractions. The bioassayshowed that worker-laid eggs treated with either wholegland ext...