Joohan Kim Halil Berberoglu Xianfan Xu Purdue University School of Mechanical Engineering West Lafayette, Indiana 47907 E-mail: [email protected] Abstract. We discuss laser fabrication of microstructures in photoetchable glass ceramics called Foturan (Schott Company, Elmsford, NY). A KrF excimer laser (l5248 nm, t525 ns) is used for surface micromachining, and a femtosecond laser (l5800 nm, t5...

Alexis de Tocqueville, a French political scientist and historian who visited America in 1831, is quoted frequently on the distinctions he found between the New and Old Worlds. But some of his other comments highlighted similarities across civilizations: “The village or township is the only association which is so perfectly natural that, wherever a number of men are collected, it seems to const...

The dynamics of ‘‘vicious,’’ continuously growing civilizations ~domains!, which engage in ‘‘war’’ whenever two domains meet, is investigated. In the war event, the smaller domain is annihilated, while the larger domain is reduced in size by a fraction e of the casualties of the loser. Here e quantifies the fairness of the war, with e51 corresponding to a fair war with equal casualties on both ...

1. introduction the meaning of sustainability is an effort to reach the best results in human and environmental programs which are considered to be for present and future. zayandeh-rud is the most important and vital river in esfahan area which is used in agriculture, industry, providing drinking water and all other economic sectors. this river is originated from the zagros mountains – zardkooh...

A civilization constitutes a durable social system of complementary traits. Some of the complementarities of any given civilization are between elements of “material” life and ones commonly treated as integral to “culture.” Identifying the mechanisms responsible for a civilization’s observed trajectory involves, therefore, causal relationships that cross the often-postulated “cultural–material”...

1. 2. where I t has been pointed out that the S(')-bounded rudimentary predicates as given by Definition 6 of [1] do not possess the property asserted in the paragraph which starts on page 73 and ends on page 74. This may be corrected by replacing points 1, 2, and 3 of Definition 6 by the following: a(x, i, a) and ~ ( x , i, a) are in RUD s . I f c is a positive integer then both Q(x, u, v, w) ...