Abstract Optimal design results in maximum motor performance. This type of BLDC has undergone innovations such as surface-mounted permanent magnet (SPM) with variants as: radial magnet, rectangular and bread-loaf. The position the outer rotor is a that commonly applied to electric bicycles. attached side body allows for superior torque In this paper, we present an analysis on bicycle been imple...

In this paper, two types of dual permanent magnet (PM) machines, i.e., stator slot dual-PM (SSDPM) machine and split-tooth (STDPM) machine, are investigated compared. Both machines have consequent pole structure with Halbach array PMs. Their difference lies in the position PM. The SSDPM has PMs slots, while STDPM between split teeth. Torque characteristics, average torques torque ripples, diffe...

Due to the similar physical and chemical properties, isotopes are usually hard separate. On other hand, isotope shifts very well separated in a high-resolution spectrum, making them possible be addressed individually by lasers, thus separated. Here we report such an separation experiment with Potassium atoms. The independently optical pumped desired spin states, then Stern-Gerlach scheme. A mic...

Electric machines with high torque density are needed in many applications, such as electric vehicles, robotics, ships, aircraft, etc. and they can avoid planetary gears thus reducing manufacturing costs. This paper presents a novel axial-radial flux permanent magnet (ARFPM) machine density. The proposed ARFPM integrates both axial-flux radial-flux topologies compact space, which effectively im...

In the paper presented here the optimization of Halbach arrays as storage media for mechanical potential energy is investigated with numerical simulations using FEMM and analytical calculations using the Maxwell stress tensor. Two opposing Halbach arrays form a “magnetic spring” and mechanical potential energy is stored when this structure is compressed. It is here seen that the wavelength of t...

In this paper, a novel 3/27/24 (pole pairs of inner rotor permanent magnet [PM]s/modulator/outer PMs) high torque density yokeless magnetic gear with asymmetric Halbach PM array is presented and optimized for electric vehicle powertrain. The key to improve the performance by replacing steel light nonmagnetic material as core employing embedded bar well trapezoidal structure form low resistance ...