Our knowledge of non-native algae in benthic estuarine habitats is relatively poor, especially compared to algal introductions along open shores or on floating structures. Gracilaria vermiculophylla is a widespread macroalgal invader in the temperate estuaries of the Northern Hemisphere, and, here, we expand its documented range within northeastern Ireland and England. Established populations o...

At present, with the adjustment of the structure of the steel industry, the steel logistics industry is also engaged in integrating. Steel logistics resource integration is an important problem to be solved. Based on previous research on steel logistics resource integration, this paper proposes a new research perspective on steel logistics resources integration: supply-demand network of steel l...

In the rail industry, sections of high strength Manganese steel are employed at critical locations in railroad networks. Ultrasonic inspections of Manganese steel microstructures are difficult to inspect with conventional means, as the propagation medium is highly attenuative, coarse-grained, anisotropic and nonhomogeneous in nature. Current in-service inspection methods are ineffective while p...

Ferrous metals include cast iron, steel, and the various steel alloys, The only difference between iron and steel is the carbon content. Cast iron contains more than 2-percent carbon, while steel contains less than 2 percent. An alloy is a substance composed of two or more elements. Therefore, all steels are an alloy of iron and carbon, but the term “alloy steel” normally refers to a steel that...

This paper presents the mechanical properties of high strength structural steel and mild structural steel at elevated temperatures. Mechanical properties of structural steel at elevated temperatures are important for fire resistant design of steel structures. However, current design standards for fire resistance of steel structures are mainly based on the investigation of hot-rolled carbon stee...

Nigeria is blessed with abundant iron ore deposits of nearly 3 billion tonnes and other basic minerals for steel production including coal and limestone. Yet the Nigerian steel sector has collapsed principally due to shortage of raw materials particularly iron ore for the integrated steel plants and billets for the rolling mills. The privatization of the steel sector that was done in 2004-2005 ...

In order to quantitatively evaluate the shear-bearing capacity of shear connectors of square concrete filled steel tube (CFST), push-out tests on 14 square CFSTs with shear connectors have been carried out. Among the 14 CFSTs, there are 13 specimens with steel plate connectors and one specimen with steel bar connectors. The following factors are investigated to figure out their influences on th...