This study aimed to forecast temperature variations in the western and southwestern part of Iran using a general circulation model artificial neural networks (ANN). The data included mean diurnal temperatures from synoptic stations, National Centers for Environmental Prediction/ Center Atmospheric Research (NCEP/NCAR) reanalysis data, outputs third-generation global climate model, Hadley Centre...

5 Decadal climate predictions exhibit large biases, which are often subtracted and forgotten. 6 However, understanding the causes of bias is essential to guide efforts to improve prediction 7 systems, and may offer additional benefits. Here we investigate the origins of biases in decadal 8 predictions, and whether analysis of these biases might provide useful information. We focus 9 especially ...

increasing greenhouse gases in recent decades and increasing its resulting temperature has causes the imbalance of the earth’s climate system and widespread climate changes in most regions of earth planet. development strategic policy in this area has been forced with a big challenge because of the need for water in the central region on the one hand and water resource constraints on the other ...

This article explores four key questions about statistical models developed to describe the recent past and future of vector-borne diseases, with special emphasis on dengue: (1) How many variables should be used to make predictions about the future of vector-borne diseases? (2) Is the spatial resolution of a climate dataset an important determinant of model accuracy? (3) Does inclusion of the f...

Quaternary Caspian Sea level variations depended on geophysical processes (affecting the opening and closing of gateways basin size/shape) hydro-climatological water balance). Disentangling drivers past variation, as well mechanisms by which they impacted is much debated. In this study we examine relative impacts hydroclimatic change, ice-sheet accumulation melt, isostatic adjustment change. We...