This study explored sensitivity to word-level phonotactic patterns in English and Japanese monolingual infants. Infants at the ages of 6, 12, and 18 months were tested on their ability to discriminate between test words using a habituation-switch experimental paradigm. All of the test words, neek, neeks, and neekusu, are phonotactically legitimate for English, whereas the first two words are cr...

The main results obtained from investigation of individual differences in exploratory activity of dogs placed in a new environment (empty room) are presented in this paper. Using correlation-analysis it could be demonstrated that the selected indicators of individual excitability levels (frequency of exploratory reactions per unit of time), as well as indicators of the strength of inhibitory pr...

It has been suggested that the decline (habituation) of the nystagmus response to repeated vestibular stimulation is a form of learning in that it possesses the necessary features of a learned behavior-acquisition, retention, and transfer (Halstead, 1935). Acquisition of habituation is evidenced through the progressive reduction of the response with repeated stimulation, while retention has bee...

and retrieval are temporally regulated events. An intrinsic circadian (circa: about; dies: day) timing system influencing the dynamics in memory processing has been detected in animal models, ranging from invertebrates to mammalian species. Several recent investigations, addressing the molecular mechanism behind the circadian modulation of mnemonic processes shed light onto pathways known to be...

Habituation is classically defined as the process of adapting to a stimulus through repeated exposure. When tinnitus habituation occurs, either the perception of the tinnitus, or the reaction to the tinnitus, is greatly, if not fully, diminished.2 In this article, habituation will be regarded as substantial and meaningful lessening of the negative reaction to the tinnitus as defined by clinical...

In an attempt to explore the relation between the amount of variability in a stimulus and rate of habituation to that stimulus, 4 groups of infants 4 1/2--5 1/2 months of age were presented with repeated speech stimuli which were synthesized exemplars of [baba], natural exemplars of [baba] or [kaba], or novel syllables of each trial. Infants' cardiac responses to the auditory stimuli were recor...

Three experiments are described that investigate 4.5-month-old infants' spatial thinking during passive movement using a task that required no manual or visual search. In these experiments, infants habituated to a display located near one corner of a table. Before the test trial the infants were either moved to the opposite side of the table or they remained in the same position that they held ...

Studies on the effects of anthropogenic activity on wildlife aim to provide a sound scientific basis for management. However, misinterpretation of the theoretical basis for these studies can jeopardise this objective and lead to management outcomes that are detrimental to the wildlife they are intended to protect. Misapplication of the terms ‘habituation’, ‘sensitisation’ and ‘tolerance’ in imp...

This study examines predictions derived from Foa and Kozak's theory of emotional processing. We hypothesized that the provision of heart-rate feedback would facilitate emotional processing through a fuller activation of the participant's fear structure, and by focusing participants' attention on information that is incompatible with the fear structure, i.e., the interoceptive pattern of habitua...