BACKGROUNDS AND OBJECTIVES Classified as low pathogenic avian influenza (LPAI) viruses, the H9N2 subtype causes severe respiratory disease in poultry farms and occasional respiratory disease in humans. In this study, the neuraminidase (NA) gene of three Avian Influenza (AI) H9N2 strains isolated from poultry farms in Iran during 2010-11, as well as other reported Iranian H9N2 isolates, were gen...

We report the complete genome sequence of influenza virus H9N2 associated with a fatal outbreak among chickens in Dubai. All segments are clustered with avian H9N2 viruses circulating in the Middle East but distinct from those in southeast Asia. It is not a reassortant virus or transmitted from other regions.

UNLABELLED A novel avian-origin influenza A/H7N9 virus infecting humans was first identified in March 2013 and, as of 30 May 2013, has caused 132 human infections leading to 33 deaths. Phylogenetic studies suggest that this virus is a reassortant, with the surface hemagglutinin (HA) and neuraminidase (NA) genes being derived from duck and wild-bird viruses, respectively, while the six "internal...

In South Korea, where avian influenza virus subtypes H3N2, H5N1, H6N1, and H9N2 circulate or have been detected, 3 genetically similar canine influenza virus (H3N2) strains of avian origin (A/canine/Korea/01/2007, A/canine/Korea/02/2007, and A/canine/Korea/03/2007) were isolated from dogs exhibiting severe respiratory disease. To determine whether the novel canine influenza virus of avian origi...

New antiviral therapy for pandemic influenza mediated by the H9N2 avian influenza virus (AIV) is increasingly in demand not only for the poultry industry but also for public health. Aptamers are confirmed to be promising candidates for treatment and prevention of influenza viral infections. Thus, we studied two DNA aptamers, A9 and B4, selected by capillary electrophoresis-based systemic evolut...

background: avian influenza (ai) viruses have been isolated from a wide diversity of free-living avian species representing several orders. since 1998, h9n2 ai outbreaks have been one of the major problems in iranian poultry industry. in 2006, h5n1 was reported in swans in the north of iran first , but until now there has been no official report from commercial flocks in iran. objectives: the a...

This study investigated the potential of pinon shell polysaccharide (PSP) to enhance immunity against H9N2 subtype avian influenza virus (H9N2 AIV) in chickens. The effect of PSP treatment and H9N2 virus infection after PSP pretreatment were investigated by [3-(4, 5-dimethylthiazol-2-yl)-2, 3-diphenyl tetrazolium bromide] assay and analysis of major histocompatibility complex and cytokine mRNA ...

The respiratory and gastro intestinal systems of the quail could be a major source of avian influenza virus shedding and transmitting viral particles to other birds and species and endanger public health. So, in this study, the gross and histopathological findings of quail exprementally infected with field isolate of A/chicken/Iran/ 339/02 (H9N2) avian influenza virus were examined to evaluate ...

Transfer of influenza A viruses from animal hosts to man may lead to the emergence of new human pandemic strains. The early detection and identification of such events are therefore paramount in the surveillance of influenza viruses. To detect and partially characterize influenza A viruses from different animal species, a combined reverse transcription (RT)-PCR heteroduplex mobility assay (HMA)...

I N T R O D U C T I O N Avian influenza (AI) (Orthomyxoviridae) is a well-known viral disease that affects birds worldwide. In recent years, highly pathogenic avian influenza (HPAI) has re-emerged worldwide, raising concern in human and veterinary health authorities. Avian influenza has been reported in many countries from the Middle East region. In Pakistan outbreaks of HPAI H7N3 subtype occur...