Gypsum karst problems in the Permian and Triassic sequences of England have caused difficult conditions for bridge and road construction. In Northern England, the Ripon Bypass crosses Permian strata affected by active gypsum karst and severe subsidence problems. Here, the initial borehole site investigation for the road was supplemented by resistivity tomography studies. The roadway was reinfor...

The Church of the Company Jesus in Quito (1605–1765) is one most remarkable examples colonial religious architecture on World Heritage List. This church has multiple constructive phases and several interventions with no clear record entire architectural site, including historical mortars. A total 14 samples coating mortars inside central nave were taken, protocols suggested by research team a c...

With the enlarging of industrial desulfurization, the amount of FGD gypsum is increasing rapidly. The preparation of alpha-calcium sulfate hemihydrate (α-HH) is one of the biggest concerns for FGD gypsum reclamation. The influence of mixed chlorate solution of Mg-Ca-Na concentrations (5-30 wt%) and FGD gypsum concentrations(5-30 wt%) by hydrothermal salt solution method at atmospheric were inve...

The isotopic composition and mass balances of sources and sinks of sulfur are used to constrain the limnological–hydrological evolution of the last glacial Lake Lisan (70–14 ka BP) and the Holocene Dead Sea. Lake Lisan deposited large amounts of primary gypsum during discrete episodes of lake level decline. This gypsum, which appears in massive or laminated forms, displays dS values in the rang...

Unreinforced masonry is that in which the tensile strength of the masonry is taken into consideration in design. Allowable out-of-plane tensile stress values are a function of the mortar type, such as Portland cement/lime mortar vs. masonry cement mortar or type M or S mortar vs. type N mortar. The allowable tensile stress is also a function of the masonry construction, such as tension parallel...

Due to their physical and chemical properties, mortars made with lime are considered to be more compatible with historic fabrics than those made with artificial cements. This paper explores the mechanical properties of clay brick masonry bound with hydraulic limes of different strengths, and hydrated calcium lime (CL90-s) with no hydraulic properties. Masonry wallettes built with a CL90-s morta...

It is widely recognized that today people around the world still admire Egyptian civilization and wonder how Egyptians came to manufacture mortar. The present work aims study construction materials were used in ancient Egypt their development over time. To do this, it was decided first evaluate physical mechanical performances of building at time then try investigate understand handling process...

Please cite this article in press as: Brinck, E., Fr doi:10.1016/j.apgeochem.2009.09.001 Gypsum and S are applied to soils being irrigated with Na–HCO3 dominated coalbed natural gas (CBNG) produced water to protect soil structure and fertility. Wyoming law requires beneficial use of produced water and irrigation with CBNG produced water in the semi-arid Powder River Basin is becoming more commo...

Consistent use of high RSC water may deteriorate the physical properties of soil and increases pH and SAR of soil. Continuous use may reduce germination / the establishment of seedling, retards plant growth and leads to a significant reduction in yield. Therefore, a field experiment in microplots was displayed at research plot in St. John’s College, Agra to study the effect of sodic water on th...

The potential for mineral scaling that may limit the generation of new potable water resources by reverse osmosis (RO), from inland brackish water of high gypsum scaling propensity, was experimentally explored via flux decline measurements and real-time RO membrane surface imaging. Antagonistic gypsum and calcium carbonate scaling kinetics were demonstrated for high-sulfate brackish water desal...