نتایج جستجو برای: gut bacteria population

تعداد نتایج: 907019  

2013
Bob Weinhold

Melamine and its potential toxicity have drawn increased attention since a 2008 crisis in China in which milk, infant formula, and other foods were illegally laced with the chemical in order to increase their apparent protein content. That contamination affected an estimated 294,000 infants and children, with more than 50,000 hospitalizations and at least 6 deaths. In a new analysis of specific...

Journal: :The British journal of nutrition 2014
Kristian Daly Alistair C Darby Neil Hall Alexandra Nau David Bravo Soraya P Shirazi-Beechey

The commensal bacteria Lactobacillus are widely used as probiotic organisms conferring a heath benefit on the host. They have been implicated in promoting gut health via the stimulation of host immunity and anti-inflammatory responses, as well as protecting the intestinalmucosa against pathogen invasion. Lactobacilli grow by fermenting sugars and starches and produce lactic acid as their primar...

2015

Chronic inflammation is a non-traditional risk factor for cardiovascular mortality in the chronic kidney disease (CKD) population. In recent years, the gastrointestinal tract has emerged as a major instigator of systemic inflammation in CKD. Postmortem studies previously discovered gut wall inflammation throughout the digestive tract in chronic dialysis patients. In CKD animals, colon wall infl...

Journal: :Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences of the United States of America 2014
Roberta M O'Connor Jennifer M Fung Koty H Sharp Jack S Benner Colleen McClung Shelley Cushing Elizabeth R Lamkin Alexey I Fomenkov Bernard Henrissat Yuri Y Londer Matthew B Scholz Janos Posfai Stephanie Malfatti Susannah G Tringe Tanja Woyke Rex R Malmstrom Devin Coleman-Derr Marvin A Altamia Sandra Dedrick Stefan T Kaluziak Margo G Haygood Daniel L Distel

Bacteria play many important roles in animal digestive systems, including the provision of enzymes critical to digestion. Typically, complex communities of bacteria reside in the gut lumen in direct contact with the ingested materials they help to digest. Here, we demonstrate a previously undescribed digestive strategy in the wood-eating marine bivalve Bankia setacea, wherein digestive bacteria...

Journal: :Genes & development 2009
Nicolas Buchon Nichole A Broderick Sveta Chakrabarti Bruno Lemaitre

Gut homeostasis is controlled by both immune and developmental mechanisms, and its disruption can lead to inflammatory disorders or cancerous lesions of the intestine. While the impact of bacteria on the mucosal immune system is beginning to be precisely understood, little is known about the effects of bacteria on gut epithelium renewal. Here, we addressed how both infectious and indigenous bac...

2016
Cicero L. T. Chang Chih-Yao Chung Chih-Horng Kuo Tien-Fen Kuo Chu-Wen Yang Wen-Chin Yang Shu-Biao Wu

In the interests of food safety and public health, plants and their compounds are now re-emerging as an alternative approach to treat gastrointestinal diseases in chickens. Here, we studied the impact of the edible medicinal plant, B. pilosa, on growth performance, gut bacteria and coccidiosis in chickens. First, we found that B. pilosa significantly elevated body weight gain and lowered feed c...

Journal: :Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences of the United States of America 2012
Jan-Hendrik Hehemann Amelia G Kelly Nicholas A Pudlo Eric C Martens Alisdair B Boraston

Humans host an intestinal population of microbes--collectively referred to as the gut microbiome--which encode the carbohydrate active enzymes, or CAZymes, that are absent from the human genome. These CAZymes help to extract energy from recalcitrant polysaccharides. The question then arises as to if and how the microbiome adapts to new carbohydrate sources when modern humans change eating habit...

2015
Maria Lorna A. De Leoz Karen M. Kalanetra Nicholas A. Bokulich John S. Strum Mark A. Underwood J. Bruce German David A. Mills Carlito B. Lebrilla

Human milk oligosaccharides (HMOs) play a key role in shaping and maintaining a healthy infant gut microbiota. This article demonstrates the potential of combining recent advances in glycomics and genomics to correlate abundances of fecal microbes and fecal HMOs. Serial fecal specimens from two healthy breast-fed infants were analyzed by bacterial DNA sequencing to characterize the microbiota a...

Journal: :PLoS Biology 2006
Liza Gross

October 2006 | Volume 4 | Issue 10 | e359 | e364 Fusion of two plasma membranes is central to exocytosis, the process by which a cell secretes neurotransmitters, digestive enzymes, and other products. If you believe the simple diagrams in introductory biology textbooks, you’d think this fusion occurs as soon as two membranes touch. Not so—in fact, membrane fusion requires interaction among a co...

2015

Chronic inflammation is a non-traditional risk factor for cardiovascular mortality in the chronic kidney disease (CKD) population. In recent years, the gastrointestinal tract has emerged as a major instigator of systemic inflammation in CKD. Postmortem studies previously discovered gut wall inflammation throughout the digestive tract in chronic dialysis patients. In CKD animals, colon wall infl...

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