WASHINGTON (A P ) The State Department, declaring that leftist guerrillas in El Salvador may launch a new offensive, announced Monday a *25 m illion increase in m ilitary aid and a 20-man increase in U.S. m ilitary tra in ing experts fo r that country. Spokesman W illiam Dyess said the aid w ill include additional he licop­ ters, vehicles, surveillance equip­ ment and small arms. The additional...

The Stern Review of the Economics of Climate Change described uncontrolled carbon emission as “the greatest and widest-ranging market failure ever seen.” It added: “An effective response to climate change will depend on creating the conditions for international collective action.” But, as the recent G8 summit has shown, international collective action is very difficult to achieve. Without these...

We model anomaly and change in data by embedding the data in an ultrametric space. Taking our initial data as cross-tabulation counts (or other input data formats), Correspondence Analysis allows us to endow the information space with a Euclidean metric. We then model anomaly or change by an induced ultrametric. The induced ultrametric that we are particularly interested in takes a sequential –...

The Colombian Peace Agreement signed in 2016 was saluted internationally by scholars, policy makers and practitioners for encompassing the concept of territorial peace as a means ensuring local participation strengthening state institutions. Based on engaged research conducted Department Cauca Bogotá between 2017 2020, we critically analyse peace, exploring its ideation, implementation, subsequ...

This paper discusses the relevance of radical scholarship by exploring case Centre International pour le Développement (CID), founded Brazilian geographer Josué de Castro during his exile in Paris. Drawing upon Latin American works on “Lettered City” and evolving role intellectuals constructing critical knowledge, I explore new archives revealing CID’s daily (net)working. My argument is that th...

Using the case of El Salvador, this article demonstrates how the anti-abortion catchphrase “abortion is murder” can become embedded in the legal practice of state judicial systems. In the 1990s, a powerful anti-abortion movement in El Salvador resulted in a new legal context that outlawed abortion in all circumstances, discouraged mobilization for abortion rights, and encouraged the prosecution...

Abstract Wicked problems are causally complex, lack definite solutions, and re-emerge in different guises. This paper discusses how new ways of organizing emerge to tackle changing manifestations wicked problems. Focusing on the problem poverty, we conducted a longitudinal study Fe y Alegria (FyA), one world’s largest non-governmental organization, which provides education for poor across 21 co...

A free Plain Language Summary can be found within the Supporting Information of this article Payments for ecosystem services (PES) have become an increasingly popular policy tool used to drive conservation efforts around world (Salzman et al., 2018). Although popularity is clearly supported by fact that PES rely on rewards (rather than punishments) promote pro-environmental behaviour, concerns ...