In this paper, the transmission of an orthogonal frequency division multiplexed (OFDM) signal over channel with time varying frequency has been considered, selective fading and additive white Gaussian noise (AWGN). Due to channel dispersion, intersymbol and intercarrier Interference will occur at the receiver. To reduce this interference, a guard time is added as a cyclic prefix (CP), or traili...

This paper presents a novel history-based policy for call admission control (CAC) in mobile cellular networks, which is based on statistics of the past system S behavior. This algorithm can be used as an extension of conventional guard channel (CGC) scheme or it can pe$onn independently of CGC. It shows improvements compared to CGC by reducing the new call blocking probability, increasing the c...

Plant gas exchange is regulated by guard cells that form stomatal pores. Stomatal adjustments are crucial for plant survival; they regulate uptake of CO2 for photosynthesis, loss of water, and entrance of air pollutants such as ozone. We mapped ozone hypersensitivity, more open stomata, and stomatal CO2-insensitivity phenotypes of the Arabidopsis thaliana accession Cvi-0 to a single amino acid ...

In this paper, we first propose two learning automata based decentralized dynamic guard channel algorithms for cellular mobile networks. These algorithms use learning automata to adjust the number of guard channels to be assigned to cells of network. Then, we introduce a new model for nonstationary environments under which the proposed algorithms work and study their steady state behavior when ...

Call Admission Control (CAC) policies in mobile cellular wireless networks give priority to handoff requests over new call requests. In the guard channel policy, an integer number of channels are reserved for handoff calls, while the fractional guard channel policy rejects new calls with a probability that varies with the current channel occupancy. The effect of reservations on new and handoff ...

A number of environmental conditions including drought, low humidity, cold and salinity subject plants to osmotic stress. A rapid plant response to such stress conditions is stomatal closure to reduce water loss from plants. From an external stress signal to stomatal closure, many molecular components constitute a signal transduction network that couples the stimulus to the response. Numerous s...

Abscisic acid (ABA) induces production of reactive oxygen species (ROS) and nitric oxide (NO), elevation of the cytosolic free calcium ion concentration ([Ca(2+)](cyt)) and cytosolic pH (pH(cyt)), and activation of S-type anion channels in guard cells, causing stomatal closure. To investigate whether Arabidopsis Two pore channel 1 (AtTPC1) that encodes the slow vacuolar (SV) channel is involved...

Thiamine is required for both plant growth and development. Here, the involvement of a thiamine thiazole synthase, THI1, has been demonstrated in both guard cell abscisic acid (ABA) signaling and the drought response in Arabidopsis (Arabidopsis thaliana). THI1 overexpressors proved to be more sensitive to ABA than the wild type with respect to both the activation of guard cell slow type anion c...

Recent reports have shown that GTP-binding proteins (G-proteins) are present in plants but have given limited indication as to their site of action. G-proteins in animal cells transduce extracellular signals into intracellular or membrane-mediated events, including the regulation of ion channels. Using whole-cell patch clamp, we provide evidence that a G-protein in guard cells of fava bean regu...