While time-series studies have consistently provided evidence for an effect of particulate air pollution on mortality, uncertainty remains as to the extent of the life-shortening implied by those associations. In this paper, the authors estimate the association between air pollution and mortality using different timescales of variation in the air pollution time series to gain further insight in...

This study utilized MRI data to describe neuroanatomical morphology in children and adolescents with fragile X syndrome, the most common inherited cause of developmental disability. The syndrome provides a model for understanding how specific genetic factors can influence both neuroanatomy and cognitive capacity. Thirty-seven children and adolescents with fragile X syndrome received an MRI scan...

BACKGROUND We sought to test the hypothesis that deficits in grey matter volume are characteristic of psychotic youth with early-onset schizophrenia-spectrum disorders (EOSS) but not of psychotic youth with early-onset mood disorders (EOMD). METHODS We used magnetic resonance imaging to examine brain volume in 24 psychotic youth (13 male, 11 female) with EOSS (n = 12) or EOMD (n = 12) and 17 ...

The aims of this study were (1) to design a mathematical segmentation technique to allow extraction of grey matter, white matter and cerebral spinal fluid volumes from paired high resolution MR images and (2) to document the statistical accuracy of the method with different image combinations. A series of linear equations were derived that describe proportional tissue volumes in individual imag...

OBJECTIVE Despite interest in the effects of type 1 diabetes on the developing brain, structural brain volumes in youth with this disease have not previously been examined. This study is the first to quantify regional brain volume differences in a large sample of youth with diabetes. RESEARCH DESIGN AND METHODS Magnetic resonance images (MRIs) were acquired from youth with diabetes (n = 108) ...

AIM The aim of this study was to quantify grey matter changes in children with unilateral cerebral palsy (UCP), differentiating between cortical or deep grey matter (CDGM) lesions, periventricular white matter (PWM) lesions, and unilateral and bilateral lesions. METHOD In a cross-sectional study we obtained high resolution structural magnetic resonance images from 72 children (41 males, 31 fe...

We study the phenomenology of neutralino dark matter (DM) in mirage mediation scenario of supersymmetry breaking which results from the moduli stabilization in some string/brane models. Depending upon the model parameters, especially the anomaly to modulus mediation ratio determined by the moduli stabilization mechanism, the nature of the lightest supersymmetric particle (LSP) changes from Bino...

Multiple sclerosis is an inflammatory, degenerative disease of the central nervous system. The most obvious pathological change in multiple sclerosis is multifocal demyelination of the white matter, but grey matter demyelination may be of equal or even greater importance for its clinical manifestations. In order to assess the pathogenetic role of lesions in the grey and white matter, and to exp...

BACKGROUND More than a decade of satellite observations offers global information about the trend and magnitude of human exposure to fine particulate matter (PM2.5). OBJECTIVE In this study, we developed improved global exposure estimates of ambient PM2.5 mass and trend using PM2.5 concentrations inferred from multiple satellite instruments. METHODS We combined three satellite-derived PM2.5...

Date of Report: July 2010 EPA Agreement Number: RD-83283501 Title: An Instrument for Real Time Speciation of Water Soluble Tracers in Atmospheric Particulate Matter Investigators: Rodney J. Weber (PI Georgia Tech), James J. Schauer (Co-PI, UWMadison), Martin Shafer (Co-PI, UW-Madison) Institution: Georgia Institute of Technology Research Category: Continuous Measurement Methods For Particulate ...