Sovereign wealth funds (“SWFs”) have received a great deal of attention since they appeared as critical investors during the global financial crisis. Reactions have ranged from fears of state intervention and mercantilism to hopes that SWFs will emerge as model long-term investors that will take on risky investments in green technology and infrastructure that few private investors are willing t...

ion of the human history.. Pax Informatica as the cyberworld era Crash: An Economic Crisis and Chaos The closing of the gold window by Richard M. Nixon on Sunday, August 15, 1971 had laid the ground for monetary crisis around the world [11]. The gold window was established in 1946 based on the Bretton Woods Agreement Act, prepared by the representatives of major trading nations, met in 1944 in ...

Ideals generated by prescribed powers of linear forms have attracted a great deal of attention recently. In this paper we study properties that hold when the linear forms are general, in a sense that we make precise. Analogously, one could study so-called “general forms” of the same prescribed degrees. One goal of this paper is to highlight how the differences between these two settings are rel...

Causal powers, say, an electron’s power to repel other electrons, are had in virtue of having properties. Electrons repel other electrons because they are negatively charged. One’s views about causal powers are shaped by—and shape—one’s views concerning properties, causation, laws of nature and modality. It is no surprise, then, that views about the nature of causal powers are generally embedde...

We develop tools to study the problem of containment of symbolic powers I(m) in powers I for a homogeneous ideal I in a polynomial ring k[P ] in N + 1 variables over an arbitrary algebraically closed field k. We obtain results on the structure of the set of pairs (r, m) such that I(m) ⊆ I. As corollaries, we show that I2 contains I(3) whenever S is a finite generic set of points in P2 (thereby ...