Aiming at the problems of low accuracy network attack prediction and long response time detection, bidirectional short-term memory (BiLSTM) was used to predict attacks. However, BiLSTM has difficulty in parameter setting model. This paper first proposes Improved Grey Wolf algorithm (IGWO) optimize (IGWO-BiLSTM). First, IGWO uses Dimension Learning Hunting (DLH) strategy construct wolf neighborh...

Financial tools can present a solution to conservation conflicts. However, their effectiveness may be limited unless they address the underlying drivers of conflict. The restoration controversial megafauna tied clash urban and rural values rejection by landowners government control over actions. Here, we consider latent financial opportunity presented general public support for large predator m...

Information is sparse about aspects of female wolf (Canis lupus) breeding in the wild, including age of first reproduction, mean age of primiparity, generation time, and proportion of each age that breeds in any given year. We studied these subjects in 86 wolves (113 captures) in the Superior National Forest (SNF), Minnesota (MN), during 1972-2013 where wolves were legally protected for most of...

BACKGROUND Gray wolves (Canis lupus) were reintroduced into Yellowstone National Park (YNP) after a >70 year absence, and as part of recovery efforts, the population has been closely monitored. In 1999 and 2005, pup survival was significantly reduced, suggestive of disease outbreaks. METHODOLOGY/PRINCIPAL FINDINGS We analyzed sympatric wolf, coyote (Canis latrans), and red fox (Vulpes vulpes)...

In April 2009, a wild maned wolf, Chrysocyon brachyurus, was captured in an area of cerrado in Brasília, DF, Brazil, with screw worm maggots in external wounds. Fifty larvae were bred in the laboratory and eight adults of Cochliomyia hominivorax (Coquerel) emerged 10 days after pupation. This is the first report of a myiasis by C. hominivorax in a free-living maned wolf in Brazil.

As wild areas disappear and agricultural lands expand, understanding how people wildlife can coexist becomes increasingly important. Human–wildlife conflicts (HWCs) are obstacles to coexistence negatively affect both populations the livelihood of people. To facilitate coexistence, a number frameworks have been developed understand drivers conflict then find solutions that mitigate conflict. How...

Although parvoviruses are commonly described in domestic carnivores, little is known about their biodiversity in nondomestic species. A phylogenetic analysis of VP2 gene sequences from puma, coyote, gray wolf, bobcat, raccoon, and striped skunk revealed two major groups related to either feline panleukopenia virus ("FPV-like") or canine parvovirus ("CPV-like"). Cross-species transmission was co...

Large carnivores inhabiting human-dominated landscapes often interact with people and their properties, leading to conflict scenarios that can mislead carnivore management and, ultimately, jeopardize conservation. In northwest Spain, brown bears Ursus arctos are strictly protected, whereas sympatric wolves Canis lupus are subject to lethal control. We explored ecological, economic and societal ...

In this research paper, we use a normalized graph cut measure as a thresholding principle to separate an object from the background based on the standard S membership function. The implementation of the proposed algorithm known as fuzzy normalized graph cut method. This proposed algorithm compared with the fuzzy entropy method [25], Kittler [11], Rosin [21], Sauvola [23] and Wolf [33] method. M...

We explored possible interactions among gray wolves (Canis lupus), Rocky Mountain elk (Cervus elaphus), and thinleaf alder (Alnus incana spp. tenuifoli) in northern Yellowstone National Park. We developed an alder age structure based on annual growth rings for plants growing along six streams in areas accessible to ungulates on the northern range. Alder stems (n = 412) along the six streams ori...