Granularity as described by Hobbs [5] is a parameter of context that restricts a) the available objects and b) the categories and properties for characterizing objects. Geographic spatial granularity is mainly determined by size, and surfaces in geography as scale-dependency. Goodchild [4] points out that one main specialty of geographic attributes is scale-specificity : A region that is assign...

Introduction This article is meant as a supplement to a previous study [1]. In particular as an extension of its discussion paragraph. It is my aim to give some view on the granularity of the gravitational space, in which I will borrow some concepts from Verlinde’s “entropic gravity” [2,3,4,5]. I have decided to separate the issue from my previous article, because of the need to accept the some...

We investigate past-tense formation preferences for five irregular English verb classes. We gathered data on a large scale using a nonce probe study implemented on Amazon Mechanical Turk. We compare a Minimal Generalization Learner (which infers stochastic rules) with a Generalized Context Model (which evaluates new items via analogy with existing items) as models of participant choices. Overal...

Bayesian Optimization (BO) has become a core method for solving expensive black-box optimization problems. While much research focussed on the choice of the acquisition function, we focus on online length-scale adaption and the choice of kernel function. Instead of choosing hyperparameters in view of maximum likelihood on past data, we propose to use the acquisition function to decide on hyperp...

We perform a three-dimensional multi-probe analysis of the rich galaxy cluster A1689, one of the most powerful known lenses on the sky, by combining improved weak-lensing data from new wide-field BV RCiz Subaru/Suprime-Cam observations with strong-lensing, X-ray, and Sunyaev-Zel’dovich effect (SZE) data sets. We reconstruct the projected matter distribution from a joint weak-lensing analysis of...

This paper presents a framework to help decisions makers better measure the opportunity cost of resources with differing economic characteristics. After characterizing resources by the intrinsic lumpiness of acquisition (acquisition granularity), storability of benefits (expiration granularity), and control over the rate of consumption of available benefits (consumption granularity), this paper...