Selector genes modify developmental pathways to sculpt animal body parts. Although body parts differ in size, the ways in which selector genes create size differences are unknown. We have studied how the Drosophila Hox gene Ultrabithorax (Ubx) limits the size of the haltere, which, by the end of larval development, has approximately fivefold fewer cells than the wing. We find that Ubx controls ...

Selecting a subset of genes with strong discriminative power is a very important step in classification problems based on gene expression data. Lasso and Dantzig selector are known to have automatic variable selection ability in linear regression analysis. This paper applies Lasso and Dantzig selector to select the most informative genes for representing the probability of an example being posi...

Fuzzy reasoning has become an important intelligent control method for traffic operation. This paper proposes a new fuzzy control system for signal control of an isolated intersection. This new fuzzy signal control system (FSCS) contains fuzzy phase selector and fuzzy green phase extender functions, which located in different levels of this multilevel signal control system. The phase selector i...

A monadic formula (Y ) is a selector for a formula '(Y ) in a structure M if there exists a unique subset P of M which satis es and this P also satis es '. We show that for every ordinal ! there are formulas having no selector in the structure ( ;<). For !1, we decide which formulas have a selector in ( ;<), and construct selectors for them. We deduce the impossibility of a full generalization ...

A beam of polar molecules can be focused and transported through an ac electric quadrupole guide. At a given ac frequency, the transmission of the guide depends on the mass-to-dipole-moment (m/μ) ratio of the molecular quantum state. Here we present a detailed characterization of the m/μ selector, using a pulsed beam of benzonitrile (C(6)H(5)CN) molecules in combination with rotational quantum ...

Animal bodies are composed of structures that vary in size and shape within and between species. Selector genes generate these differences by altering the expression of effector genes whose identities are largely unknown. Prime candidates for such effector genes are components of morphogen signaling pathways, which control growth and patterning during development. Here we show that in Drosophil...

In this paper, we investigate how systemic errors due to random sampling impact on automated algorithm selection for bound-constrained, single-objective, continuous black-box optimization. We construct a machine learning-based selector, which uses exploratory landscape analysis features as inputs. test the accuracy of recommendations experimentally using resampling techniques and hold-one-insta...

Contextual Grammars were introduced by Solomon Marcus in 1969 as \intrinsic grammars" without auxiliary symbols, based only on the fundamental linguistic operation of inserting words into given phrases according to certain contextual dependencies. The formal properties of the formalism have been extensively studied. Furthermore, it can be shown that this formalism provides an appropriate descri...