BACKGROUND Informed consent is an important part of the patients' rights and hospitals are assigned to obtain informed consent before any diagnostic or therapeutic procedures. Obtaining an informed consent enables patients to accept or reject their care or treatments and prevent future contentions among patients and medical staff. METHODS This survey was carried out during 2011-2. We assessed...

abstract   background: evaluate the adherence to facility management and safety standards among governmental and non-governmental hospitals in shiraz, iran.   methods: in this cross sectional study, 22 hospitals of the 33 hospitals in shiraz, iran including 13 governmental and 9 non-governmental facilities were surveyed. a 74-item self-administered questionnaire was used. collected data were en...

Governmental entities, by their nature, repeat geographically across the nation and around the world. As such, they have duplications of needs and of course this leads to “reinventing of the wheel”. Given the available technologies available today, much of this duplication can be eliminated using the “open source” software paradigm for the construction of information systems. The goals of this ...

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PURPOSE To evaluate the governmental costs of patients undergoing phacoemulsification and extracapsular cataract extraction at a public hospital in a developing country. METHODS A prospective study was conduced with 205 patients. The subjects were randomized for cataract surgery using either phacoemulsification or extracapsular cataract extraction techniques. RESULTS Of the 205 patients, 10...

Though the potential benefits of broadband Internet adoption are great, the levels of take-up vary greatly around the world. Some governments have adopted aggressive policies to deploy broadband networks and to encourage the use of these applications, while others have not. In the former cases, governments are motivated to promote broadband adoption in order to realize both economic and social ...

BACKGROUND The nature of community-based participatory research (CBPR) poses distinctive ethical challenges. In the absence of organized guidelines, a remarkable amount of researchers' time and energy will be spent tackling these ethical challenges. The study aimed to explore ethical issues and principles potentially arising when conducting CBPR. METHODS This qualitative study conducted in CB...

The good news is that the incidence of HIV in the Kingdom of Swaziland has stabilised over the past 5 years. The bad news is that it is still 31% among adults aged 18–49 years and, alarmingly, 43% among pregnant women. All told, an estimated 201 292 Swazis were HIV-positive in 2012, despite intensive eff orts to mitigate the epidemic. The government provides antiretroviral treatment (ART) and, ...

This paper proposes a theoretical explanation for the impact of ‘social expectation’ on the growth of civil society in Japan. Why has civil society developed as it has in Japan? Contrary to the image of Japan as a ‘strong and controlling’ nation-state, we find that private citizens—the nongovernmental organization (NGO) leaders, scholars on community planning, and younger liberal politicians—se...

PROBLEM Until 2005, the quality of rapid diagnostic human immunodeficiency virus (HIV) testing was not monitored and no regular technical support was provided to hospital laboratories in Myanmar. APPROACH The national reference laboratory introduced a national external quality assessment scheme. The scheme involved (i) training laboratory technicians in HIV testing and in the requirements of ...