This study examines the impact of political connections and government ownership on accrual real earnings management. Based a Jordanian sample 310 firm-year observations, finds evidence that politically-connected firms exhibit higher level management, compared to non-politically-connected firms. suggests in Jordan opportunistically manipulate reported income obtain private gain through use acti...

the research analyzed the land tenure system among rice farmers in awe local government area of nasarawa state, nigeria. two hundred and forty (240) farmers were sampled by a multi stage sampling procedure and used as respondents for the study. well-structured questionnaires were used for data collection. the main means of data analysis were percentages and correlation. findings revealed that 4...

Railways were the most important infrastructure development in India from 1850 to 1947. They were inter-connected with all aspects of Indian society. In terms of the economy, railways played a major role in integrating markets and increasing trade. Domestic and international economic trends shaped the pace of railway construction and the demand for the important traffic flows to the ports. In t...

We model government takings of private property, embedding prominent theories of their economic consequences. Random assignment of U.S. judges and the fact that judges make takings precedent in a manner correlated with their race, political party, and prior government advocacy facilitate causal estimates of allowing government takings. Novel data on judicial biographies and takings decisions si...

This article presents cross-country comparisons of trends in for-profit nursing home chains in Canada, Norway, Sweden, United Kingdom, and the United States. Using public and private industry reports, the study describes ownership, corporate strategies, costs, and quality of the 5 largest for-profit chains in each country. The findings show that large for-profit nursing home chains are increasi...

We apply meta-analytic methods to conduct a quantitative review of the empirical literature since 1990 comparing financial performance of US for-profit, not-for-profit, and government-owned general acute hospitals. We find that the diverse results in the hospital ownership literature can be explained largely by differences in authors' underlying theoretical frameworks, assumptions about the fun...

Open source software, developed by volunteers, appears counter to the conventional wisdom that without ownership rights or government intervention, public goods will not be efficiently provided. But complexity makes a difference: contracts are incomplete and ownership rights do not necessarily elicit socially optimal effort. I consider three mechanisms that improve the provision of complex soft...

Recent developments, such as privatization and the private finance initiative, have raised the issue of which assets should be owned by the public sector and whether assets have different values in the public and private sectors. In order to answer these questions, we first note that the allocative considerations that usually motivate government intervention need not require the direct provisio...

Mongolia’s mass privatization program was implanted in a country that lacked the very basic institutions of capitalism. This paper examines the effects of competition and ownership on the efficiency of the newly privatized enterprises, using a representative sample of enterprises and controlling for possible selection biases. Competition has quantitatively large effects; perfectly competitive f...