In 45,X/46,XY DSDs, the proportion of the two cell lineages is uneven in different organs and tissues, and 45,X and 46,XY cells can be found throughout the body. The gonadal development of 45,X/46,XY patients depends on the population of 46,XY cells in the gonads and the clinical features are variable. We had a 45,X/46,XY DSD patient whose 46,XY population in peripheral blood was extremely low,...

Background: The use and effectiveness of traditional lead gonad shields in pediatric pelvic radiography has been challenged by several literatures over the past two decades. The aim of this study was to develop a new radioprotective gonad shields to be use in pediatric pelvic radiography. Materials and Methods: The commercially available 0.06 mm lead equivalent bismuth garment has cropped squar...

Pelvis X-ray examinations inevitably involve exposure of the gonads to ionizing radiation. In line with the principle of keeping doses as low as reasonably practicable (ALARP), accurate patient dose measurement is vital if we are to ascertain that these exposures are fully optimized. The study aimed to provide patient dose estimates for pelvis examination being undertaken at 10 separate hospita...

Yolk sac tumors (YSTs) are a type of malignant germ cell tumor that usually grow in the gonads. They are difficult to recognize at other sites outside the gonads, and no case has been reported involving the upper lip. The present study reported the case of a 13-month-old girl exhibiting an isolated YST occurring in the upper lip. The histology and elevation of α-fetoprotein were typical for a Y...

in this study, iron oxide nanoparticles (maghemite) were used to remove ni (ii) and cr (vi) from mine’s waste water. first, by using novel single step, maghemite nanoparticles (?-fe2o3) produced at room temperature, without the use of natural solvents and oxides. the average particle size of the maghemite was estimated to be 14 nm, by transition electron microscope (tem(. various factors influe...

This study aimed to calculate and compare the estimated organ absorption dose, risk of cancer due exposure, dose received by gonads for women men in radio diagnostic examinations with different projections. Radiographic examination abdomen (with anterior-posterior (AP) posterior-anterior (PA) projections) lumbar vertebrae projection (AP), Right oblique (RPO), Left (LPO)), were performed. Softwa...

Background:  The aim of the study was to estimate the radiation dose during emergency exposure to patients treated with iodine-131 during the isolation period. Materials and Methods: The dose rate from a sample of 192 patients administrated by three different radioactivity of 131I (3.7, 5.55 and 7.4 GBq) was measured, at 1 meter after 1, 24 and 48 hours post dose administration, at three d...

Introduction: Phantom studies facilitate the implementation of radiation dose surveillance as a function of radiographic technical parameters for minimizing patient radiation dose. The evidence of such investigations can then be used to evaluate technical parameters used in the radiographic procedures to reduce radiation dose without compromising the image quality. Material and Methods: This ex...

Introduction: One of the most effective means for treatment of coronary arteries cramp (CHD) is coronary intravascular Brachiotherapy. In this study, with use of MCNP code, in order to invastigating the score of ditribution of absorbed dose, drope in dose, and simulation mean, radiation doses around iridium_192 radioactive has been done.   Materials and Methods:</str...