In [HH7], developing arguments in [HH5], Hochster and Huneke used classical tight closure techniques to prove a fine behavior of symbolic powers of ideals in regular rings. In this paper, we use generalized test ideals, which are a characteristic p analogue of multiplier ideals, to give a generalization of Hochster-Huneke's results.

Guanine nucleotide binding protein (G-protein)-coupled receptors (GPCRs) are eukaryotic transmembrane proteins found in all living organisms. Their versatility and roles in several physiological processes make them the single largest family of drug targets. Comparative genomic studies using various model organisms have provided useful information about target receptors. The similarity of the ge...

We describe a phenotypic high throughput screening (HTS) calcium flux assay designed to identify pharmacoperones for the gonadotropin releasing hormone receptor (GnRHR). Pharmacoperones are target-specific, small molecules that diffuse into cells, rescue misfolded protein mutants, and restore them to function. Rescue is based on correcting the trafficking of mutants that would otherwise be reta...

G protein-coupled receptors (GPCRs), which includes the gonadotropin releasing hormone (GnRH) receptor (GnRHR), comprises the largest family of validated drug targets-more than half of all approved drugs derive their benefits by selective targeting of GPCRs. Most drugs in this class are either agonists or antagonists of GPCRs and high throughput screens (HTSs) have typically been designed and p...

Many researches on the change and protective effects of estrogen and its receptor in hippocampus with ischemia-reperfusion injury have been done in recent years; the study on the change of GnRH and its receptor in hippocampus with ischemia-reperfusion injury has not been seen yet. This study used immunohistochemistry and in situ hybridization method, together with an image analysis system to ob...

Two types of gonadotropin-releasing hormone (GnRH) receptors were found in the pituitary of tilapia (t), named GnRHR type 3 (tGnRHR3) and GnRHR type 1, according to phylogenetic analysis. tGnRHR3 is highly expressed in the posterior part of the pituitary which contains LH and FSH cells. We characterized tGnRHR3 in terms of both LH release rate and receptor internalization rate in response to co...

Several genes that influence the development and function of the hypothalamic-pituitary-gonadal-axis (HPG) have been identified. These genes encode an array of transcription factors, matrix proteins, hormones, receptors, and enzymes that are expressed at multiple levels of the HPG. We report the experience of a single Endocrinology Unit in the identification and characterization of naturally oc...