OBJECTIVE Therapies with metformin, sulfonylureas, or insulin improve glycemic control in the short term but do not prevent progressive islet beta-cell failure or long-term deterioration in glycemia. Our goal was to evaluate, in patients recently diagnosed with type 2 diabetes (<3 years), the long-term efficacy of monotherapy with rosiglitazone on glycemic control and on the progression of path...

BACKGROUND Both c-peptide and nicotinamide are known to increase blood insulin in diabetes. In the present study, we examined the effect of c-peptide alone or in combination with nicotinamide on insulin levels in pancreatic islets in mice. METHODS This study was conducted with 60 adult male Naval Medical Research Institute (NMARI) mice weighing 25 to 30 g. Pancreatic islets from normal mice w...

The functional and pharmacological properties of ATP-sensitive K(+) (K(ATP)) channels were studied in primary cultured neonatal rat atrial appendage cardiomyocytes. Activation of a whole-cell inward rectifying K(+) current depended on the pipette ATP concentration and correlated with a membrane hyperpolarization close to the K(+) equilibrium potential. The K(ATP) current could be activated eith...

Previous work described ATP-sensitive K(+) channel (K(ATP)) openers (e.g., BMS-180448), which retain the cardioprotective activity of agents such as cromakalim while being significantly less potent as vasodilators. In this study, we describe the pharmacologic profile of BMS-191095, which is devoid of peripheral vasodilating activity while retaining glyburide-reversible cardioprotective activity...

K(ATP) channels, comprised of the pore-forming protein Kir6.x and the sulfonylurea receptor SURx, are regulated in an interdependent manner by adenine nucleotides, PIP2, and sulfonylureas. To gain insight into these interactions, we investigated the effects of mutating positively charged residues in Kir6.2, previously implicated in the response to PIP2, on channel regulation by adenine nucleoti...

The present study examined the hemodynamic mechanisms of blood pressure (BP) lowering by troglitazone in patients with type 2 diabetes mellitus (DM) at rest and during a mental arithmetic test (MAT). Twenty-two patients with DM with normal to high-normal BP and 12 controls matched for age, gender, glucose tolerance, and BP were studied. DM subjects showed significantly higher systolic BP respon...

BACKGROUND Hypoglycemic coma is a continuous threat for diabetic patients treated with insulin and/or oral hypoglycemic agents; it may be associated with substantial morbidity and mortality. METHODS We retrospectively reviewed our clinical experience with drug-induced hypoglycemic coma during a 7-year period. RESULTS The study consisted of 102 patients and included 61 females and 41 males. ...

OBJECTIVE To assess the efficacy and safety of oral antidiabetic drugs (OADs) in gestational diabetes mellitus (GDM) in comparison to insulin. METHODS A meta-analysis of randomized controlled trials was conducted. The efficacy and safety of OADs in comparison to insulin in GDM patients were explored. Studies were identified by conducting a literature search using the electronic databases of M...