Several lines of evidence have suggested that the glutamatergic system in the nucleus accumbens (NAc) plays an important role in the conditioned rewarding effect of drugs of abuse. In addition, it is recognized that extracellular glutamate is rapidly removed from the synaptic cleft by Na+-dependent glutamate transporters in neurons and glial cells, thereby maintaining physiological levels of gl...

This paper presents large-scale bending test, up to 19 m length, on glued laminated timber (GLT) beams with well-known beam setup and a model predict the tensile strength of finger joint connections (FJ). Machine graded boards, information about dynamic stiffness local knottiness were used fabricate 12 GLT beams. The position boards tracked throughout fabrication. To quantify quality FJ additio...

Glutamate/Aspartate transporters cotransport three Na(+) and one H(+) ions with the substrate and countertransport one K(+) ion. The binding sites for the substrate and two Na(+) ions have been observed in the crystal structure of the archeal homolog Glt(Ph), while the binding site for the third Na(+) ion has been proposed from computational studies and confirmed by experiments. Here we perform...

Transient global ischemia, as with cardiac arrest, causes loss of CA1 hippocampal neurons 2-4 d later, whereas nearby dentate gyrus (DG) neurons are relatively resistant. Whether differential astrocyte vulnerability in ischemic injury contributes to CA1 neuronal death is uncertain. Here, we find that CA1 astrocytes are more sensitive to ischemia than DG astrocytes. In rats subjected to transien...

In the past decade, quasi-Monte Carlo (QMC) method has become an important numerical tool in computational finance. This is driven, in part, by the sophistication of the models and, in part, by the complexity of the derivative securities. In this paper, we consider an enhanced QMC method recently proposed by Imai and Tan (2009). This method is known as the generalized linear transformation (GLT...

The choice of glucose-lowering therapy (GLT) has expanded to include 11 different classes in addition to insulin. Since the 2008 Food and Drug Administration guidance for industry and mandate of demonstrating cardiovascular (CV) safety prior to any new drug approval, there were several trials primarily conducted to establish that goal. Some had neutral effects, while there were positively benef...

This paper deals with an innovative experimental study performed on glued-laminated timber (GLT) beams, machined and made three tropical hardwood species. Defect-free beams were obtained by combining alternatively the lamellas taken from densest to least dense species, have TRIO DUO specimens. Then, static 3-point bending tests these assess their mechanical properties reliability. Finally, shea...

Objective(s): Glutamate is the most widespread neurotransmitter in the central nervous system and has several functions as a neuromodulator in the brain although in pathological conditions like ischemia it is excessively released causing cell death. Under physiological conditions, glutamate is rapidly scavenged from the synaptic cleft by excitatory amino-acid transport...

In rat frontal cortex, extracellular levels of glutamate are raised by the anti-psychotic drug clozapine. We have recently shown that a significant reduction in the levels of the glutamate transporter GLT-1 may be one of the mechanisms responsible for this elevation. Here we studied whether GLT-1 down-regulation induced by chronic clozapine treatment is associated with changes in the expression...

This paper concerns the spectral analysis of matrix-sequences that are generated by discretization and numerical approximation partial differential equations (PDEs), in case domain is a generic Peano-Jordan measurable set. It observed such often present symbol, function describing asymptotic behaviour eigenvalues. When hypercube, can be conducted using theory generalized locally Toeplitz (GLT) ...