‘Desert hyacinths’ (Cistanche) are a remarkable genus of parasitic plants, some which traded widely for herbal medicine or have historical local importance as food. Despite their importance, little nothing is known about the biology most species and taxonomy remains confused, hindering identification. A growing body research into cultivation pharmacologically well-characterised Cistanche taxa h...

Abstract We consider what we term existence-constrained semi-infinite programs. They contain a finite number of (upper-level) variables, regular objective, and existence constraints. These constraints assert that for all (medial-level) variable values from set infinite cardinality, there must exist (lower-level) second satisfy an inequality. Existence-constrained programs are generalization pro...